氮肥减量配施包膜尿素对阳光玫瑰光合特性、产量及品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193552

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示鲜食葡萄阳光玫瑰配施控释尿素的应用效果,筛选出最佳施用量,为鲜食葡萄栽培的氮(N)肥节本增效利用提供依据。于2018-2019年采用田间小区试验,研究N肥减量配施聚氨酯包膜尿素对阳光玫瑰产量、产量构成、光合特性及品质的影响,并探讨不同叶位叶绿素含量与鲜食葡萄品质性状的相互关系。结果表明:与常规施肥处理相比,N肥减量0~30%配施包膜尿素处理的鲜食葡萄产量提高10.67%~32.91%,而减量40%配施包膜尿素处理降低5.79%。其中,适当减N配施控释肥的增产增收效果较常规施肥好。配施包膜尿素处理随着施N量的降低,鲜食葡萄产量及净光合速率呈先增加后降低的趋势。相关性分析表明,葡萄膨大期功能叶叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)均值与品质性状(可溶性固形物、总糖、维生素C、糖酸比和固酸比)呈显著正相关,而与总酸呈显著负相关。总体而言,N肥适当减量配施包膜尿素利于形成鲜食葡萄产量结构,提高膨大期功能叶SPAD值及净光合速率,有效扩充果粒,促进鲜食葡萄增产节肥增效,并提升食用品质,以N肥减量10%~20%配施包膜尿素处理效果最佳。

关键词: 鲜食葡萄, 阳光玫瑰, 包膜尿素, 光合特性, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To reveal the application effect of controlled release urea in table grape(Shine muscat),and screen out the optimum application amount,a field experiment(2018-2019)was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen(N)reduction combined with polyurethane coated urea on the yield,photosynthetic characteristics and quality of table grapes,and to explore the relationship between chlorophyll content at different leaf positions and quality traits.The results of this study can provide scientific theoretical basis for the cost-saving and efficient utilization of N fertilizer in the cultivation of table grape.The results showed that:compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,the yield of table grape were increased by 10.67%-32.91%,under 0-30% N reduction combined with coated urea treatment,while reduced by 5.79% under 40% N reduction combined with coated urea treatment.Among them,suitable N reduction combined with controlled release fertilizer for table grape had better effect on yield and income increase than conventional fertilization.With the decrease of N application rate combined with coated urea,the yield and net photosynthetic rate of table grapes increased first and then decreased.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the mean value of SPAD of functional leaves at the expansion stage and the quality traits(soluble solid,total sugar,vitamin C,sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio),but a significant negative correlation between SPAD value and total acid.In general,N reduction combined with coated urea treatment was beneficial to the formation of yield component,increased SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of functional leaves at the puffing stage,effectively expand fruit grains,promoted the increase production,saved fertilizer and increased efficiency of table grapes,and improved the food quality of table grapes.The N reduction of 10%-20% combined with coated urea treatment had the best effect.

Key words: Table grape, Shine muscat, Coated urea, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield, Quality

胡文峰, 周旋, 黄粤林, 徐章倩, 张慧如, 杨威, 杨向东, 彭建伟. 氮肥减量配施包膜尿素对阳光玫瑰光合特性、产量及品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(2): 179-187. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193552.

HU Wenfeng, ZHOU Xuan, HUANG Yuelin, XU Zhangqian, ZHANG Huiru, YANG Xiangdong, PENG Jianwei. Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Coated Urea on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Shine muscat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(2): 179-187. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193552.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I2/179

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	氮肥类型 N type	基肥 Base	萌芽肥 Bud	花前肥 Before flower	膨果肥 Swelling	总计 Total
CF	包膜尿素	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	尿素	155.32	72.11	62.79	174.85	465.06
1.0N+CU	包膜尿素	144.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	144.01
	尿素	11.32	72.11	62.79	174.85	321.06
0.9N+CU	包膜尿素	144.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	144.01
	尿素	11.32	55.89	55.89	151.66	274.76
0.8N+CU	包膜尿素	144.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	144.01
	尿素	11.32	39.61	48.92	128.41	228.25
0.7N+CU	包膜尿素	144.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	144.01
	尿素	11.32	23.32	41.95	105.16	181.75
0.6N+CU	包膜尿素	144.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	144.01
	尿素	11.32	7.04	34.98	81.90	135.24
CK	包膜尿素	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	尿素	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

处理 Treatment	氮肥类型 N type	基肥 Base	萌芽肥 Bud	花前肥 Before flower	膨果肥 Swelling	总计 Total
CF	包膜尿素	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	尿素	155.32	72.11	62.79	174.85	465.06
1.0N+CU	包膜尿素	144.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	144.01
	尿素	11.32	72.11	62.79	174.85	321.06
0.9N+CU	包膜尿素	144.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	144.01
	尿素	11.32	55.89	55.89	151.66	274.76
0.8N+CU	包膜尿素	144.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	144.01
	尿素	11.32	39.61	48.92	128.41	228.25
0.7N+CU	包膜尿素	144.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	144.01
	尿素	11.32	23.32	41.95	105.16	181.75
0.6N+CU	包膜尿素	144.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	144.01
	尿素	11.32	7.04	34.98	81.90	135.24
CK	包膜尿素	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	尿素	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

生育期 Growth stages	处理 Treatment	第一叶 +1	第二叶 +2	第三叶 +3	平均值 Average
萌芽期	CF	49.09±0.25a	48.73±2.27a	48.09±0.57a	48.64±0.29a
Germination	1.0N+CU	48.13±0.72a	48.22±1.55a	48.66±1.51a	48.34±0.16ab
	0.9N+CU	48.91±1.34a	48.71±0.92a	47.80±1.24a	48.47±0.34ab
	0.8N+CU	48.17±0.69a	47.67±0.16a	47.66±2.26a	47.83±0.17bc
	0.7N+CU	47.95±0.42a	47.19±0.84a	47.54±1.00a	47.56±0.22cd
	0.6N+CU	47.19±1.04a	47.16±0.53a	46.59±1.53a	46.98±0.20de
	CK	47.18±0.57a	46.95±0.82a	45.34±0.85a	46.49±0.58e
花期	CF	44.79±0.32a	43.17±0.50a	40.18±0.22b	42.71±1.35ab
Flowering	1.0N+CU	43.58±0.17a	42.37±1.34a	40.83±1.57ab	42.26±0.79ab
	0.9N+CU	44.38±1.09a	43.02±0.23a	41.27±1.29ab	42.89±0.90ab
	0.8N+CU	44.24±1.42a	43.16±0.27a	42.82±0.23a	43.41±0.43a
	0.7N+CU	43.60±2.40a	42.08±1.93a	41.07±0.98ab	42.25±0.74ab
	0.6N+CU	42.57±0.99a	42.05±0.78a	40.30±0.54b	41.64±0.69ab
	CK	41.91±0.53a	41.74±0.71a	40.05±0.31b	41.23±0.59b
膨大期	CF	48.65±0.23a	46.63±4.35a	46.78±0.27b	47.36±0.65bc
Puffing	1.0N+CU	47.67±0.89a	47.33±0.37a	48.81±1.36a	47.94±0.45abc
	0.9N+CU	48.91±1.34a	48.42±0.68a	49.07±0.27a	48.80±0.19a
	0.8N+CU	48.17±0.69a	48.04±1.51a	48.85±0.71a	48.35±0.25ab
	0.7N+CU	47.93±0.43a	47.95±0.44a	48.18±0.74ab	48.02±0.08abc
	0.6N+CU	47.42±1.22a	47.98±0.94a	47.53±0.61ab	47.64±0.17bc
	CK	47.34±0.35a	47.12±0.97a	46.75±1.06b	47.07±0.17c

生育期 Growth stages	处理 Treatment	第一叶 +1	第二叶 +2	第三叶 +3	平均值 Average
萌芽期	CF	49.09±0.25a	48.73±2.27a	48.09±0.57a	48.64±0.29a
Germination	1.0N+CU	48.13±0.72a	48.22±1.55a	48.66±1.51a	48.34±0.16ab
	0.9N+CU	48.91±1.34a	48.71±0.92a	47.80±1.24a	48.47±0.34ab
	0.8N+CU	48.17±0.69a	47.67±0.16a	47.66±2.26a	47.83±0.17bc
	0.7N+CU	47.95±0.42a	47.19±0.84a	47.54±1.00a	47.56±0.22cd
	0.6N+CU	47.19±1.04a	47.16±0.53a	46.59±1.53a	46.98±0.20de
	CK	47.18±0.57a	46.95±0.82a	45.34±0.85a	46.49±0.58e
花期	CF	44.79±0.32a	43.17±0.50a	40.18±0.22b	42.71±1.35ab
Flowering	1.0N+CU	43.58±0.17a	42.37±1.34a	40.83±1.57ab	42.26±0.79ab
	0.9N+CU	44.38±1.09a	43.02±0.23a	41.27±1.29ab	42.89±0.90ab
	0.8N+CU	44.24±1.42a	43.16±0.27a	42.82±0.23a	43.41±0.43a
	0.7N+CU	43.60±2.40a	42.08±1.93a	41.07±0.98ab	42.25±0.74ab
	0.6N+CU	42.57±0.99a	42.05±0.78a	40.30±0.54b	41.64±0.69ab
	CK	41.91±0.53a	41.74±0.71a	40.05±0.31b	41.23±0.59b
膨大期	CF	48.65±0.23a	46.63±4.35a	46.78±0.27b	47.36±0.65bc
Puffing	1.0N+CU	47.67±0.89a	47.33±0.37a	48.81±1.36a	47.94±0.45abc
	0.9N+CU	48.91±1.34a	48.42±0.68a	49.07±0.27a	48.80±0.19a
	0.8N+CU	48.17±0.69a	48.04±1.51a	48.85±0.71a	48.35±0.25ab
	0.7N+CU	47.93±0.43a	47.95±0.44a	48.18±0.74ab	48.02±0.08abc
	0.6N+CU	47.42±1.22a	47.98±0.94a	47.53±0.61ab	47.64±0.17bc
	CK	47.34±0.35a	47.12±0.97a	46.75±1.06b	47.07±0.17c

处理 Treatment	净光合速率/ (μmol/(m²·s)) Pn	气孔导度/ (mol/(m²·s)) Gs	胞间CO₂浓度/ (μmol/mol) Ci	蒸腾速率/ (mmol/(m²·s)) Tr
CF	13.47±0.29de	0.35±0.01a	315.37±9.66a	7.81±0.34b
1.0N+CU	14.47±0.40bc	0.37±0.01a	312.36±7.65a	8.04±0.31b
0.9N+CU	14.65±0.30b	0.38±0.03a	310.73±2.62a	9.65±0.37a
0.8N+CU	15.67±0.09a	0.38±0.01a	309.42±6.27a	9.39±0.65a
0.7N+CU	14.01±0.28bcd	0.38±0.02a	308.82±13.03a	9.53±0.53a
0.6N+CU	13.56±0.27cde	0.37±0.01a	302.02±9.74a	10.07±0.36a
CK	12.59±0.48e	0.37±0.00a	301.29±7.25a	9.46±0.32a

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