摘要： 为了确定不同生态类型区冬小麦的最佳施肥量与施肥模型，采用"3414"田间肥效试验，对河北省不同生态类型区冬小麦栽培施用的氮、磷、钾肥效进行了研究。结果显示：不同生态类型区冬小麦产量差异很大，表现为山前平原区 > 低平原区 > 太行山丘陵区 > 滨海平原区，且各地区小麦田施肥区较不施肥区的增产量和增产率顺序均为NPK配施 > NP配施 > NK配施 > PK配施；低平原区、山前平原区、太行山丘陵区和滨海平原区冬小麦最佳施氮量分别为200.77，201.18，151.07，150 kg/hm ² ，最佳施磷肥量为144.23，140.44，98.37，120 kg/hm²，最佳施钾肥量为144.23，140.44，98.37，120 kg/hm²。4个生态类型区土壤的供肥能力均表现为：钾肥 > 磷肥 > 氮肥。按照地区进行排序，土壤供氮肥能力依次为太行山 > 低平原 > 山前平原 > 滨海平原，供磷肥能力为太行山 > 山前平原 > 低平原 > 滨海平原，供钾肥能力为低平原 > 太行山 > 山前平原 > 滨海平原。在不同生态类型条件下，冬小麦的氮、磷、钾肥的肥料农学效率存在明显差异，除山前平原外，其他均表现为磷肥最高，钾肥最低，氮肥居中。综合分析认为，在低平原、太行山丘陵和滨海平原区域，应重视磷肥的施用；山前平原地区增加氮肥的施用量，能够有效提高冬小麦产量。

关键词: 冬小麦, 氮肥, 磷肥, 钾肥, "3414", 供肥能力, 农学效率, 最佳施肥量

Abstract: In order to determine the optimum fertilization amount and fertilization model of winter wheat in different ecological regions,the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on winter wheat cultivation in different ecological regions of Hebei Province were studied by "3414" field fertilizer efficiency test. The results showed that the yield of winter wheat varied greatly in different ecological regions, which showed that the yield of winter wheat was in the order of piedmont plain > low plain > Taihang hilly area > coastal plain area. The order of yield increase and yield increase rate of wheat field in different regions was NPK > NP > NK > PK. The optimum application of nitrogen fertilizer for winter wheat in different areas should be 200.77,201.18,151.07 kg/ha,and the optimum application of phosphorus fertilizer should be 144.23,140.44,98.37,120 kg/ha,and the optimum application of potassium fertilizer should be 144.23,140.44,98.37,120 kg/ha。The ability of supplying fertilizer of soil in four ecological regions was as follows:potassium fertilizer > phosphate fertilizer > nitrogen fertilizer. The order of soil nitrogen supply capacity was Taihang mountain > low plain > piedmont plain > coastal Plain, P fertilizer supply capacity was Taihang mountain > piedmont plain > low plain > coastal plain, and K supply capacity was low plain > Taihang mountain > piedmont plain > coastal plain. Except the Piedmont plain, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer of winter wheat were the highest, the potassium fertilizer was the lowest, and the nitrogen fertilizer was the middle. It is concluded that the application of phosphorus fertilizer should be paid more attention to the low plain, Taihang mountain hills and coastal plain areas, and the increase of nitrogen application rate in the piedmont plain area can effectively increase the winter wheat yield.

Key words: Winter wheat, Nitrogen fertilizer, Phosphorus fertilizer, Potassium fertilizer, "3414", Fertilizer supply capacity, Agronomic efficiency, Optimum fertilization rate

中图分类号: 

• S143