石竹种间杂交障碍研究

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2016.S1.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究栽培种香石竹与野生种瞿麦种间杂交障碍，为获得抗逆性好且花色花型独特的种间杂交新品种奠定基础。以瞿麦为父本，春之歌、四季红和Promesa为母本进行种间杂交，统计其膨大率和结实率；并采用压片法对亲本的染色体倍性进行测定；利用荧光显微镜观察石竹种间杂交花粉萌发情况、花粉管伸长及受精情况，探讨种间杂交不亲合性的原因。3个种间杂交组合的杂交结实率为0，揭示石竹种间杂交存在杂交障碍。染色体倍性鉴定发现，瞿麦为二倍体（2n=2x=30），春之歌为二倍体（2n=2x=30）、四季红为三倍体（2n=3x=45）、香石竹栽培品种Promesa为二倍体（2n=2x=30）；花粉活力测定发现瞿麦花粉活力高，为92.8%，且显微镜观察表明花粉能在柱头上萌发，花粉管能伸入柱头及子房并与胚珠结合，但胚珠与花粉管结合率低。胚珠与花粉管结合率低可能是影响石竹种间杂交障碍的因素之一。结果揭示石竹种间杂交障碍的原因，为石竹杂交育种提供理论依据。

关键词: 石竹, 不亲和性, 荧光显微镜, 种间杂交, 染色体倍性

Abstract: Reproductive barriers were studied between Dianthus caryophyllus and Dianthus superbus in order to gain new hybrid cultivars which obtain tolerance to environmental stress or special flower color and shape.Three cross combination were carried out using D.caryophyllus×D.chinensis Sijihong' and Chunzhige',and D.caryophyllus Promesa' as female parents,and D. superbus as male parents in this study.Rate of ovary swell and seed setting of crosses were investigated and ploidy level of parents was tested by section.Fluorescence microscope severed as a tool to observe pollen germination,pollen-tube growth and fertilization,and discover the cause of the incompatibility in interspecific hybridization in Genus Dianthus.No seed set in 3 interspecific crosses appears to be the product of barrier. D. superbus,Chunzhige' and Promesa' were diploid (2n=2x=30),Sijihong' was triploid (2n=3x=45).Pollen vitality of D. superbus was with 92.8%.Pollen can germinate in the stigmatic and pollen tube can enter into stigmas and ovary,and combine with ovule.But the percentage of presumed fertilized ovules was very low.Low frequence of presumed fertilized ovules was possibly one of reasons for crossing barrier.The result revealed the main causes of the low seed set which will provide theoretical basis for carnation cross breeding.

Key words: Dianthus, Incompatibility, Fluorescence microscope, Interspecific cross, Ploidy

中图分类号:

周旭红, 桂敏, 蒋亚莲, 苏艳, 卢珍红, 田敏, 余蓉培, 莫锡君. 石竹种间杂交障碍研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2016, 31(S1): 127-134. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2016.S1.023.

ZHOU Xuhong, GUI Min, JIANG Yalian, SU Yan, LU Zhenhong, TIAN Min, YU Rongpei, MO Xijun. Studies on the Crossing Barrier in Interspecific Crosses in Dianthus[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2016, 31(S1): 127-134. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2016.S1.023.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2016/V31/IS1/127

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