摘要： 1980年,我们用野生、半野生大豆与不同类型的栽培大豆杂交,共计10个组合.研究了杂种后代农艺性状的变异、遗传及其相互关系.结果表明:F₁;除百粒重外其它性状均有明显的杂种优势.F₂、F₃、F₄分离相当复杂,并出现许多超高亲单株和品系,其中最主要的产量性状为株高、主茎节数、每株荚数和粒数.这些性状变异幅度大,遗传力高,并与产量存在显著的正相关.有些组合百粒重与产量相关也比较明显.据我们研究,可以通过双亲百粒重预测其后代百粒重的大小,其公式为:（P₁P₂）¹/2（几何平均数）≤F₁（百粒重）<（1/2）（P₁+P₂）算术平均数.F₁与F₂,F₂与F₃百粒重之间关系密切,相关系数分别为O.9450、0.763l.这样,在F_l就可以选择百粒重.在高产×高产的组合中,后代分离高产单株和品系的机率大,实际产量也高,因此,可以早代淘汰组合.随着世代的增加,一些主要的农艺性状有明显的进化趋势,茎变粗,半直立、直立类型增多,F₂种皮分离出所有栽培大豆颜色（黄、黑、青、褐、双）及一系列的过渡色,还发现新的狸色,反映出大豆种皮色的进化历程.

关键词: 大豆, 种间杂交, 性状, 遗传变异

Abstract: A total of 5 cross combinations were made between wild (Glycine soja) , semiwild (Glycine gracilis) soybean species and several soybean cultivars (G-lycine max). Variations of agronomic characteristics, genetics and the relationship there of were investigated. The results shew that all the characteristics of the Fl hybrid, with the exception of one-hudred grain weight, have obvious hectcosis. Separation of F2, F3, and F4 hybrids was rather complicated. Super high-yield clones and lines were found, the most important yield characteristics being plant height, number of internodes on the main stem,and number of pods and seeds per plant. These characteristics, though strong in genetics, vary in a wide spectrum, while showing a significant, positive correlation with yield. For certain combinations, there exists obvious positive correlation between one-hundred grain weight and yield. Studies show that it is possible to predict the one-hundred grain weight of the progeny through those of the parents, the formula being: (geometry means) ≤F (one-hundred grain weight) 1/2 (P 1 + P2) (arithmetic means). Significant correlation was found between Fl and F2, as well as between F2 and F3, their coefficients being 0.9450 and 0.7631 respectively. Screening for one-hundred grain weight, therefore, can be made at the Fl stage. In the high-yield X high yield combinations, the probability and practical yield are higher for the progeny-separating, high-yield clones and lines. Thus, early elimination of the combinations is possible. Certain main agronomic characteristics tend very much to evolve. For instance, the stem becomes thicker, while the number of erect and semi-erect types increases. Seed-coat colors of the soybean cultivars (yellow,black, green, brown, double-colored, and a series of transitional colors) appear at the F2 stage. The dark green seedcoat was noticed recently. All of these could show the evolution process of the soybean seedcoat colors.

Key words: Soybean, Fnterspscies hybridization. Characteristics, Genetic variation