摘要： 采用棉属种间杂交和染色体加倍技术,进行了(石短 5号×瑟伯氏棉)及(邢台 6871×武安中棉)的杂交,获得了“石瑟”和“中陆”两种类型的新种质,对杂种及其后代主要经济性状的变异规律和利用价值进行了分析。并选用多个丰产性好、适应性广及优异特性互补的栽培品种作母本与其回交,然后,将回交后代复交,经连续定向选择,育成高产稳产、优质抗病的种间杂交新品种冀棉25号。1994～1995年通过河北省区试及生产试验,霜前皮棉分别比对照中12增产23.3％和19.5％,均居第1位。1995～1997年通过全国黄河流域区试及生产试验,霜前皮棉分别比对照中12增产7.9％和8.5％,分别居第3位和第2位。枯萎病指14.4,黄萎病指16.4。纤维品质符合纺织工业要求。

关键词: 棉花, 种间杂交, 冀棉25号, 品种, 选育

Abstract: By way of crossing the different species in gossypium and doubling the number of chro-mosomes, the new germplasms of tow types of ( G. hirsutum ?G. thurberi ) and ( G. hirsutum X G. arboreum ) were obtained by crossing shiduan 5 and G. thurberi , xingtai 6871 and wuanzhongmian. These materials were designated as "Shise" and "ZhangLu" respectively. The utilization value and the utilization opportunity of main economic characters in these hybrids and their progeny were studied, and the hybrids were backcrossed with various cultivars of the good comprehensive characters, yield characters, fibre quality and disease resistance. Then the composite hybridization of backcross progeny was carryed on by way of continual and directional selection. A new interspecific hybrid "Jimian 25" was developed. It possessed high and perma-nend yield, good fibre quality, and good disease resistance. Its mean prefrost lint yields in 1994 and 1995 were 23. 3% and 19.5% higher than those of control "Zhongmiansuo 12" respectively, as shown in the cotton regional and productive test for Hebei province. Its mean prefrost lint yields were 7.9% and 8. 5% higher than those of control "Zhongmiansuo 12" respectively, as shown in the cotton regional and productive test for the Yellow River Valley in 1995 and 1997. Its disease indexes of the fusarium and verticillium wilt of cotton were 17. 3 and 16.4 respectively. The fibre quality accorded with the demands of textile industry.

Key words: Cotton, Interspecific crossing, Jimian 25, Variety, Breeding

中图分类号: 

• S562