摘要： 对大豆种间杂交后代质量性状的研究结果表明,脐形、粒形两个性状最易稳定,可进行早代选择.花色、茸毛色、脐色、泥膜等性状的遗传,F₁有明显的显隐性关系,F₂基本分离为3∶1的比例,受单基因控制,但有些组合出现9∶7、13∶3的比率,说明有两对基因影响这些性状,且有互补或抑制基因存在.结荚习性和叶形是典型的生态性状,随环境条件的变化而变化:但叶形从尖叶到圆叶,植株从匍匐到直立均有各种过渡类型.并且呈连续分布,又表现数量性状的特征,特别是种皮色的分离更为复杂.因此,可以说数量性状和质量性状.是不能截然分开的,主要取决于分级标准.分级标准越细,类型越多,越接近实际.

关键词: 大豆, 种间杂交, 质量性状, 遗传变异

Abstract: This paper studied on the segragation and stability of the qualitative character in the generation of soybean interspecific crosses. The results indicated that the characters of hilum shape and seed shape are easiest to be stab-lized and both selections can be taken in the early generations. In the inheritance of flower color, pubescence color, hilum color and soil film, F1 has obvious relation between the domination and the recessive. The segragation ratio of F2 is appoximatly 3 : 1 which is controlled by one gene. But some combinations give the ratio of 9 : 7, 13:3. The results indicated that these characters are effected with two pairs of genes and exist complementary gene and inhibiting gene.Pod bearing habit and leaf shape are typical ecological character and variate with the change of enviroment. The segragation of leaf shap and growth habit is similar to qualitative character. However, some transitional form exist between tip leaf and round leaf trailing plant and erect plant, and present continous distribution. Meanwhile,they express quantitative character, especialy in the segragation of seed coat colons more complicated. Therefore, qualitative character and quantitative character not be divided completely. It is determined by the grade standard system. The different standard give the different form.

Key words: Soybean, Interspecific cross, Qualitative character, Hereditary variation