Abstract:

This study aimed to clarify the yield components and the characteristics of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)uptake and utilization of wheat at different yield levels in Henan Province.A sampling survey was conducted from 2023 to 2025 in 78 farmer fields across four counties in Anyang City,Henan Province.Based on grain yield,the samples were divided into low-yield,medium-yield,and high-yield groups to compare yield components,N,P and K accumulation and translocation characteristics,as well as their uptake and production efficiencies.The results showed that the grain yields of the high-yield groups were 23.6%—53.5% and 10.6%—24.2% higher than those of the low-yield and medium-yield groups,respectively.The primary reason was that the high-yield group significantly increased biomass compared to the medium-yield and low-yield groups,increased spike numbers and 1000-grain weight compared to the low-yield group,and increased spike numbers compared to the medium-yield group in low-yield year.Compared to the low-yield group,the medium-yield and high-yield groups showed significantly higher N accumulation at anthesis and maturity stages,P accumulation at anthesis,and pre-anthesis N and P translocation in both years,but other characteristics of N and P accumulation and translocation were not significant or were significant in only one year.Compared to the medium-yield group,the high-yield group exhibited a significant increase in biomass by 13.4%—24.4%,while the yield components had no significant difference except the spike numbers significantly increased by 8.6% in 2024—2025.In the higher yield year of 2023—2024,compared to the medium-yield group,the high-yield group showed significant decreases of 106.7%,15.1 percentage points and 11.5% in the post-anthesis P accumulation and contribution rate of post-anthesis P accumulation,and P requirement for producing 100 kg grains,respectively.In the lower yield year of 2024—2025,compared to the medium-yield group,the high-yield group showed significant increases in N accumulation at anthesis,maturity,and post-anthesis,and P accumulation at anthesis and maturity,pre-anthesis N translocation amount,contribution rate of pre-anthesis N translocation amount,as well as pre-anthesis P translocation amount by 39.5%,27.3%,17.0%,37.3%,27.3%,33.4%,3.2 percentage points,36.6%,respectively;phosphorus and potassium uptake efficiencies were significantly improved by 46.3% and 17.1%,respectively.Correlation analysis indicated that wheat yield was significantly positively correlated with spike number,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight,biomass,N accumulation at anthesis and maturity,and pre-anthesis N and P translocation amount in both years.Therefore,higher spike number,1000-grain weight,biomass,N accumulation at anthesis and maturity,and pre-anthesis N and P translocation amount are the key characteristics of high-yield wheat in Henan Province.

Key words: Wheat, Yield level, Nutrient accumulation and translocation, Nutrient utilization efficiency, Nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium

CLC Number: 

• S512.1小麦

• S143化学肥料