Diploid vs.Tetraploid Comparison:Flavonoid Accumulation and Associated Differential Gene Expression in Chinese Cabbage

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196371

Abstract

Abstract:

Flavonoids,as bioactive compounds in Chinese cabbage,possess antioxidant,anti-aging,and cancer-preventive properties.To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in flavonoid accumulation among different ploidy Chinese cabbage materials,this study utilized 25 diploid and 25 tetraploid high-generation homozygous inbred lines.The total flavonoid content was systematically compared,and extreme lines were selected for transcriptome(RNA-Seq)analysis.Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were identified,and RT-qPCR was employed to validate the expression patterns of differentially expressed genes and construct a transcription factor regulatory network.The results showed that the average total flavonoid content in tetraploid materials(10.96 mg/g)was slightly higher than that in diploid materials(10.36 mg/g).RNA-Seq analysis revealed 11 610 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in diploid comparison groups and 6 659 DEGs in tetraploid comparison groups,with 3 598 common DEGs shared between them.KEGG enrichment analysis identified 34 candidate genes in the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways.Six key genes(PAL1,4CL3,CHS3,CHI,CHI3,FLS1)were screened and found to be upregulated in high-flavonoid diploid and tetraploid materials.Among them,CHI3 expression was significantly higher in high-flavonoid tetraploid materials than in diploid materials.Additionally,27 bHLH and 19 MYB transcription factors were identified,and regulatory network analysis indicated that the MYB network was more complex and dominant than the bHLH network.RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that the expression patterns of the six selected key DEGs were consistent with the RNA-Seq data.This study identifies key structural genes and major transcription factors in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,revealing the important role of CHI3 in promoting flavonoid accumulation in tetraploid Chinese cabbage,thereby providing candidate genes and a theoretical foundation for breeding high-flavonoid Chinese cabbage.

Key words: Brassica rapa L.ssp. pekinensis, Total flavonoids, Transcriptome, KEGG enrichment analysis, Transcription factors

CLC Number:

CHEN Jing, WU Fang, WANG Mingqiu, LIU Xiaodong, CHEN Xiaoshan, TIAN Guijin, WU Jiarong, CAO Xia, MENG Chuan. Diploid vs.Tetraploid Comparison:Flavonoid Accumulation and Associated Differential Gene Expression in Chinese Cabbage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(4): 51-62. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196371.

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Figures/Tables 16

References 46

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品种名称 Cultivar name	抱球方式 Head wrapping type	内心颜色 Inner leaf color	外叶颜色 Outer leaf color
SC2	叠抱	黄	绿
SC9	合抱	黄	绿
SC13	叠抱	黄	绿
SC15	叠抱	黄	绿
S9	合抱	黄	深绿
S59	合抱	浅黄	绿
S210	合抱	浅黄	深绿
S258	叠抱	浅黄	绿
S365	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
S463	叠抱	浅黄	绿
M71	合抱	浅黄	深绿
M244	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
M169	合抱	浅黄	深绿
M188	叠抱	黄	深绿
M310	合抱	浅黄	深绿
M218	叠抱	黄	深绿
M153	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
M322	合抱	黄	深绿
M167	合抱	黄	深绿
M288	合抱	浅黄	深绿
M19	叠抱	黄	绿
M181	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
M343	合抱	黄	深绿
M116	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
M88	合抱	黄	深绿

品种名称 Cultivar name	抱球方式 Head wrapping type	内心颜色 Inner leaf color	外叶颜色 Outer leaf color
SC2	叠抱	黄	绿
SC9	合抱	黄	绿
SC13	叠抱	黄	绿
SC15	叠抱	黄	绿
S9	合抱	黄	深绿
S59	合抱	浅黄	绿
S210	合抱	浅黄	深绿
S258	叠抱	浅黄	绿
S365	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
S463	叠抱	浅黄	绿
M71	合抱	浅黄	深绿
M244	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
M169	合抱	浅黄	深绿
M188	叠抱	黄	深绿
M310	合抱	浅黄	深绿
M218	叠抱	黄	深绿
M153	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
M322	合抱	黄	深绿
M167	合抱	黄	深绿
M288	合抱	浅黄	深绿
M19	叠抱	黄	绿
M181	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
M343	合抱	黄	深绿
M116	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
M88	合抱	黄	深绿

品种名称 Cultivar name	抱球方式 Head wrapping type	内心颜色 Inner leaf color	外叶颜色 Outer leaf color
D1	合抱	浅黄	绿
D3	合抱	浅黄	深绿
D5	合抱	浅黄	绿
D7	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D10	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D15	合抱	黄	绿
D25	合抱	浅黄	绿
D29	合抱	浅黄	深绿
D462	合抱	黄	深绿
D503	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D507	叠抱	黄	绿
D509	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
D524	合抱	黄	深绿
D528	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D531	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
D535	合抱	浅黄	深绿
D536	合抱	浅黄	深绿
D538	合抱	黄	深绿
D603	合抱	黄	深绿
D605	合抱	黄	深绿
D608	合抱	浅黄	绿
D610	合抱	黄	深绿
D611	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D614	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D615	叠抱	黄	绿

品种名称 Cultivar name	抱球方式 Head wrapping type	内心颜色 Inner leaf color	外叶颜色 Outer leaf color
D1	合抱	浅黄	绿
D3	合抱	浅黄	深绿
D5	合抱	浅黄	绿
D7	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D10	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D15	合抱	黄	绿
D25	合抱	浅黄	绿
D29	合抱	浅黄	深绿
D462	合抱	黄	深绿
D503	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D507	叠抱	黄	绿
D509	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
D524	合抱	黄	深绿
D528	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D531	叠抱	浅黄	深绿
D535	合抱	浅黄	深绿
D536	合抱	浅黄	深绿
D538	合抱	黄	深绿
D603	合抱	黄	深绿
D605	合抱	黄	深绿
D608	合抱	浅黄	绿
D610	合抱	黄	深绿
D611	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D614	叠抱	浅黄	绿
D615	叠抱	黄	绿

基因名称 Gene name	注释 Annotation	引物序列(5'—3') Primer sequence(5'—3')
FHT	柚皮素,2-氧代戊二酸 3-双加氧酶	F : GCCGATCTTGGAGGAGCC
		R : GAGGCTTGGCAGCTTCCT
PER34	过氧化物酶 34	F : GCCGCGAGTATCCTTCGT
		R : CCCGAGCCGAGTTTGCAT
HST	莽草酸 O-羟基肉桂酰转移酶	F : GCCAGGTACCACAGCTCC
		R : GCTGCCAGCAAAGGGGTA
CHI	查尔酮-黄酮异构酶	F : TCCCACTGTCCAACACCG
		R : CCACCGAGGAAGAGGGGA
CAD9	肉桂醇脱氢酶9	F : CCGAGGGATTGCCTAGCG
		R : CCCACCAAGTCCAGCCAC
CYP73A5	反式肉桂酸 4-单加氧酶	F : TGCAAGTCACGGAGCCTG
		R : GGGATATCGTAGCCGGCG
DNAJ	内参基因	F : CATGGAGATAGACGAGTG
		R : CCTTCTTCATCATCATCATC

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