Study on the Indoor Efficacy of Bio-organic Fertilizer in Controlling Verticillium wilt in Sunflowers

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194859

Abstract

Abstract:

This study evaluates the efficacy of bio-organic fertilizer in managing Verticillium wilt in sunflowers,examining its effects on plant growth and disease resistance,and exploring its potential as a sustainable disease control strategy in sustainable agriculture.Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of bio-organic fertilizer at different concentrations and under various treatment conditions on the sunflower Verticillium wilt pathogen and its impact on sunflower growth and disease resistance.The results indicated that the treatment significantly reduced the disease index of Verticillium wilt by 14.57% compared to the control group,with a relative control efficacy of 28.54% under indoor conditions.The application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly promoted sunflower growth and development.Specifically,when 1 g of bio-organic fertilizer was mixed with every 50 g of field soil,the sunflower emergence rate increased by 8.67 percentage point,and key physiological parameters,including seedling height,stem diameter,and fresh weight,were significantly enhanced.Further investigation revealed that bio-organic fertilizer fermentation filtrates at various concentrations effectively inhibited the growth of Verticillium dahliae colonies and spore germination,with inhibitory effects diminishing as dilution increased.Additionally,volatile compounds from the fertilizer significantly suppressed the formation of microsclerotia.In terms of disease resistance mechanisms,the bio-organic fertilizer fermentation filtrates enhanced plant resistance by inducing induced resistance.Physiological analysis showed that the filtrates triggered reactive oxygen species (H₂O₂)bursts,elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD),reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation,and increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL),thereby significantly enhancing disease resistance in sunflowers.This study highlights the control potential of bio-organic fertilizer for managing sunflower Verticillium wilt and promoting plant health,providing theoretical and experimental support for optimizing fertilizer formulations and developing effective disease control strategies to enhance agricultural production.

Key words: Sunflower Verticillium wilt, Bio-organic fertilizer, Indoor control efficacy, Induced resistance

YANG Jianfeng, LI Tie, YANG Xu, WANG Yuesheng, SONG Xuefeng, SHAN Yulin, DANG Yuanyue, ZHANG Jian, ZHAO Jun. Study on the Indoor Efficacy of Bio-organic Fertilizer in Controlling Verticillium wilt in Sunflowers[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(2): 181-190. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194859.

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Figures/Tables 8

Tab.1 Different soil treatment methods before sunflower sowing

设置 Setups	向日葵播种前土壤不同处理方式 Different soil treatment methods before sunflower sowing	代码 Number
处理1 Treatment 1	接种黄萎病菌的灭菌土	S
处理2 Treatment 2	接种黄萎病菌的灭菌土和营养土混合	S+N
处理3 Treatment 3	接种黄萎病菌的灭菌土和生物有机肥混合	S+O
处理4 Treatment 4	未接种黄萎病菌的灭菌土	CK

Tab.2 The grading standard for sunflower Verticillium wilt

病级 Grade	症状分级与描述 Symptom classification and description
0	健株,无表观症状
1	植株25%以下的叶片表现褪绿、黄化、萎蔫枯死等症状
2	植株25%~50%的叶片表现症状,植株矮化
3	植株51%~75%的叶片表现症状,植株矮化
4	植株75%以上的叶片表现出严重症状,植株枯萎死亡

Fig.1 Comparison of the occurrence of Verticillium wilt in sunflower under different soil treatment conditions A.Symptoms of Verticillium wilt in sunflowers under different treatment conditions;B.Statistical of disease index and relative control efficacy of Verticillium wilt in sunflowers.Uppercase and lowercase letters indicate the results of statistical analysis for differences between groups,with different letters representing significant differences(P<0.05).The same as Fig.3—4.

Fig.2 Effects of bio-organic fertilizer treatment on sunflower growth

Tab.3 Statistical analysis of sunflower growth parameters under bio-organic fertilizer treatment

处理 Treatment	出苗率/% Seedling rate	株高/cm Plant height	茎粗/mm Stem thickness	地上部鲜质量/g Fresh weight on the ground
处理1 (F) Treatment 1	86.67±3.03b	48.81±5.37b	8.72±0.13ab	19.94±1.16b
处理2 (F+O_1/50) Treatment 2	95.34±1.75a	57.96±3.21a	10.36±0.35a	23.31±1.13a
处理3 (F+O_1/25) Treatment 3	41.33±5.64c	33.36±5.16c	7.55±0.94b	14.69±4.72c

Fig.3 Antagonistic effect of bio-organic fertilizer filtrate on the growth of the V.dahliae VdGn3

Fig.4 Effects of volatiles from bio-organic fertilizers on the growth and microsclerotia formation of V.dahliae A.Diagram of the volatile substance inhibition assay model in petri dish system:1.Large square dish bottom,2.Small square dish bottom,3.Round dish bottom,4.Large square dish cover;B.Colony images of V.dahliae growth and sclerotia formation under different treatments;C.Quantitative analysis of colony growth rate and sclerotia formation after different treatments.

Fig.5 Determination of induced resistance in sunflower by bio-organic fertilizer fermentation filtrate treatment CK.Water control;SN0.Bio-organic fertilizer fermentation filtrate treatment.

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