Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Quotas on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaves and Grain Growth and Development of Maize after Anthesis

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194366

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the physiological response mechanism of maize to different drip irrigation quotas,a 2-year pond planting experiment was conducted under controlled conditions.Using two maize varieties with differences in drought resistance as materials,six treatments were set up:CK1 (Drought resistant variety,500 mm),T1 (Drought resistant variety,350 mm),T2 (Drought resistant variety,200 mm),CK2 (Drought sensitive variety,500 mm),T3 (Drought sensitive variety,350 mm),and T4 (Drought sensitive variety,200 mm) to analyse the photosynthetic,chlorophyll fluorescence,photosynthetic response characteristics,and grain filling characteristics of maize leaves changed in hormone content,starch synthase activity,and yield in grains.The results showed that four photosynthetic parameters,including net photosynthetic rate (Pn),and four chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,including maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ (Fv/Fm),decreased with the decrease of drip irrigation quota,while stomatal limitation percentage (Ls) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) increased.The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) and other 10 photosynthetic response related parameters of maize leaves all decreased with the decrease of drip irrigation quota.The range of differences between light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP),CO₂ compensation point (CCP) and CO₂ saturation point (CSP) in CK1,T1,and CK2 treatments was larger than that in other treatments.The grain filling rate reached its peak at 25 d after anthesis,and the T2,and T4 treatments significantly decreased compared to the CK1 and CK2 treatments.The content of cytokinin (CTK) and auxin (IAA) in grains decreased with the decrease of drip irrigation quota,and the content of abscisic acid (ABA) increased.The activities of acid sucrose invertase,sucrose synthase,starch synthase and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase in grains of T2 and T4 treatments were significantly lower than those of CK1 and CK2 treatments.The maize yield significantly decreased with the decrease of drip irrigation quota,and the T1 treatment only decreased by 3.45% to 4.51% compared to the CK1 treatment.There was no significant difference between T1 treatment and CK1 and CK2 treatment in the above indicators.The leaves of maize treated with T1 treatment still maintained the photosynthetic performance and photosystem Ⅱ structure,enhanced the adaptability of leaves to light and CO₂,increased the content of hormones related to maize grains and the activity of enzymes related to starch synthesis,effectively regulated the growth and development of maize grains and the filling process,and maize yield and its components performed better.

Key words: Maize, Drip irrigation quota, Photosynthetic characteristics, Grain filling, Yield

XU Chen, ZHAO Renjie, LIU Xiaolong, BIAN Shaofeng, ZHAO Hongxiang, YAN Weiping, SUN Ning, LI Qian, WANG Hongjun, ZHANG Zhian, ZHANG Lihua. Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Quotas on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaves and Grain Growth and Development of Maize after Anthesis[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(1): 83-94. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194366.

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References 42

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年份 Year	处理 Treatments	净光合速率/ (μmol/(m²·s)) Pn	气孔导度/ (mol/(m²·s)) Gs	气孔限制值/% Ls	水分利用效率/ (μmol/mol) WUEL	表观叶肉导度/ (mol/(m²·s)) AMC
2021	CK1	32.26±2.42a	0.67±0.05a	33.70±3.50d	4.67±0.08a	0.13±0.02a
	T1	29.60±2.21a	0.60±0.03ab	37.20±3.88cd	4.61±0.06a	0.13±0.01a
	T2	25.21±3.74b	0.46±0.03c	44.57±3.22ab	4.46±0.03b	0.11±0.01a
	CK2	33.41±1.81a	0.66±0.06a	33.08±3.15d	4.62±0.06a	0.13±0.01a
	T3	25.23±1.87b	0.53±0.04b	40.42±2.73bc	4.51±0.02b	0.12±0.02a
	T4	21.95±3.68c	0.42±0.05c	48.02±2.11a	4.34±0.07c	0.11±0.01a
2022	CK1	29.18±1.84a	0.61±0.04a	36.51±3.90d	4.77±0.06a	0.12±0.01a
	T1	27.04±1.09a	0.53±0.03ab	40.17±2.27cd	4.70±0.08ab	0.12±0.01a
	T2	22.64±0.92b	0.46±0.06b	46.54±1.63b	4.62±0.11b	0.10±0.02a
	CK2	29.08±0.95a	0.61±0.02a	36.60±2.69d	4.73±0.09a	0.12±0.01a
	T3	24.38±1.02b	0.46±0.03b	44.92±3.77bc	4.60±0.11b	0.11±0.02a
	T4	18.97±1.50c	0.37±0.04c	52.74±1.27a	4.48±0.12c	0.09±0.01a

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	净光合速率/ (μmol/(m²·s)) Pn	气孔导度/ (mol/(m²·s)) Gs	气孔限制值/% Ls	水分利用效率/ (μmol/mol) WUEL	表观叶肉导度/ (mol/(m²·s)) AMC
2021	CK1	32.26±2.42a	0.67±0.05a	33.70±3.50d	4.67±0.08a	0.13±0.02a
	T1	29.60±2.21a	0.60±0.03ab	37.20±3.88cd	4.61±0.06a	0.13±0.01a
	T2	25.21±3.74b	0.46±0.03c	44.57±3.22ab	4.46±0.03b	0.11±0.01a
	CK2	33.41±1.81a	0.66±0.06a	33.08±3.15d	4.62±0.06a	0.13±0.01a
	T3	25.23±1.87b	0.53±0.04b	40.42±2.73bc	4.51±0.02b	0.12±0.02a
	T4	21.95±3.68c	0.42±0.05c	48.02±2.11a	4.34±0.07c	0.11±0.01a
2022	CK1	29.18±1.84a	0.61±0.04a	36.51±3.90d	4.77±0.06a	0.12±0.01a
	T1	27.04±1.09a	0.53±0.03ab	40.17±2.27cd	4.70±0.08ab	0.12±0.01a
	T2	22.64±0.92b	0.46±0.06b	46.54±1.63b	4.62±0.11b	0.10±0.02a
	CK2	29.08±0.95a	0.61±0.02a	36.60±2.69d	4.73±0.09a	0.12±0.01a
	T3	24.38±1.02b	0.46±0.03b	44.92±3.77bc	4.60±0.11b	0.11±0.02a
	T4	18.97±1.50c	0.37±0.04c	52.74±1.27a	4.48±0.12c	0.09±0.01a

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量 Fv/Fm	光系统Ⅱ实际光化学量子产量 Φ_PSⅡ	光合电子传递速率 ETR	光化学淬灭系数 qP	非光化学猝灭系数 NPQ
2021	CK1	0.61±0.02a	0.71±0.05a	193.30±10.28a	0.33±0.04a	1.38±0.13c
	T1	0.58±0.03a	0.65±0.03a	182.04±9.83ab	0.31±0.02ab	1.55±0.06bc
	T2	0.48±0.02bc	0.51±0.03c	172.29±14.29bc	0.27±0.02bc	1.81±0.03a
	CK2	0.62±0.03a	0.70±0.04a	196.02±7.73a	0.33±0.04a	1.33±0.19c
	T3	0.50±0.02b	0.58±0.03b	176.58±7.03b	0.28±0.01bc	1.65±0.08b
	T4	0.45±0.03c	0.48±0.03c	158.82±9.18c	0.25±0.01c	1.84±0.07a
2022	CK1	0.59±0.02a	0.66±0.03a	177.54±4.24a	0.43±0.05a	1.48±0.13c
	T1	0.56±0.04a	0.62±0.05a	170.85±10.79ab	0.40±0.02a	1.60±0.06c
	T2	0.47±0.01b	0.52±0.02c	163.89±11.96bc	0.35±0.03bc	1.98±0.17ab
	CK2	0.59±0.01a	0.68±0.03a	172.40±15.20ab	0.42±0.05a	1.48±0.07c
	T3	0.50±0.01b	0.54±0.03b	164.13±12.58bc	0.38±0.03ab	1.82±0.10b
	T4	0.44±0.02c	0.47±0.04c	153.81±9.08c	0.33±0.02c	2.04±0.07a

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量 Fv/Fm	光系统Ⅱ实际光化学量子产量 Φ_PSⅡ	光合电子传递速率 ETR	光化学淬灭系数 qP	非光化学猝灭系数 NPQ
2021	CK1	0.61±0.02a	0.71±0.05a	193.30±10.28a	0.33±0.04a	1.38±0.13c
	T1	0.58±0.03a	0.65±0.03a	182.04±9.83ab	0.31±0.02ab	1.55±0.06bc
	T2	0.48±0.02bc	0.51±0.03c	172.29±14.29bc	0.27±0.02bc	1.81±0.03a
	CK2	0.62±0.03a	0.70±0.04a	196.02±7.73a	0.33±0.04a	1.33±0.19c
	T3	0.50±0.02b	0.58±0.03b	176.58±7.03b	0.28±0.01bc	1.65±0.08b
	T4	0.45±0.03c	0.48±0.03c	158.82±9.18c	0.25±0.01c	1.84±0.07a
2022	CK1	0.59±0.02a	0.66±0.03a	177.54±4.24a	0.43±0.05a	1.48±0.13c
	T1	0.56±0.04a	0.62±0.05a	170.85±10.79ab	0.40±0.02a	1.60±0.06c
	T2	0.47±0.01b	0.52±0.02c	163.89±11.96bc	0.35±0.03bc	1.98±0.17ab
	CK2	0.59±0.01a	0.68±0.03a	172.40±15.20ab	0.42±0.05a	1.48±0.07c
	T3	0.50±0.01b	0.54±0.03b	164.13±12.58bc	0.38±0.03ab	1.82±0.10b
	T4	0.44±0.02c	0.47±0.04c	153.81±9.08c	0.33±0.02c	2.04±0.07a

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	表观量子效率/ (mol/mol) AQE	光补偿点/ (μmol/(m²·s)) LCP	光饱和点/ (μmol/(m²·s)) LSP	光饱和时最大净光合速率/ (μmol/(m²·s)) Amax	暗呼吸速率/ (μmol/(m²·s)) Rd
2021	CK1	0.132±0.006a	62.27±3.60a	1 939.47±23.84a	42.18±1.53a	2.09±0.26a
	T1	0.124±0.006ab	57.10±4.36ab	1 885.76±25.94ab	38.68±3.09ab	1.90±0.13ab
	T2	0.106±0.015c	46.71±1.48c	1 806.61±33.09c	33.14±2.99c	1.49±0.06c
	CK2	0.133±0.005a	61.03±3.69a	1 937.43±14.62a	41.63±1.39a	2.04±0.25a
	T3	0.114±0.005bc	51.74±3.85bc	1 845.53±25.06b	35.39±1.60bc	1.76±0.13b
	T4	0.093±0.008d	42.05±3.09d	1 790.23±33.84c	30.79±1.64d	1.38±0.18c
2022	CK1	0.128±0.006a	57.30±2.19a	1 941.38±26.53a	40.15±2.81a	1.98±0.17a
	T1	0.120±0.007a	52.80±6.95ab	1 891.34±18.88a	37.17±2.47ab	1.86±0.11ab
	T2	0.085±0.008c	42.08±4.99c	1 738.12±31.62bc	31.03±3.22c	1.54±0.15cd
	CK2	0.128±0.010a	56.25±4.84a	1 934.93±14.58a	39.57±2.18a	2.01±0.18a
	T3	0.099±0.007b	47.60±0.53bc	1 804.70±24.30b	34.91±0.97b	1.72±0.07bc
	T4	0.075±0.015c	36.97±1.68d	1 695.33±39.19c	26.44±2.34d	1.45±0.14d

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