Responses of Kernel Position Effect of Summer Maize to Increasing Plant Density and Its Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Characteristic

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192910

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the responses of kernel position effect of summer maize to plant density and its carbon and nitrogen metabolism characteristic,field experiments were conducted during 2020 and 2021 growing reasons at Dishang Experimental Station,Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. Three plant densities(PD1:60 000 plants/ha;PD2:75 000 plants/ha;PD3:90 000 plants/ha)were arranged,with the objectives to study the effect of plant density on grain filling and kernel weight ratio of inferior and superior kernel and its physiological characteristics of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Compared with the superior kernel,the response of inferior kernel to plant density was more obvious,significant differences in grain-filling rate and kernel weight of inferior kernel were observed since 20—25 d and 30—35 d after pollination,respectively. As the plant density increases,the kernel weight ratio of inferior to superior kernel significantly decreased,PD3 decreased the kernel weight ratio of inferior to superior kernel by 8.45% on average,compared to that of PD1. The single plant dry matter accumulation significantly decreased as the plant density decreased,this was mainly due to the significant decrease of post-silking dry matter accumulation. The analysis of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of kernel showed that the increased plant density exacerbate the difference in starch and protein contents between inferior and superior kernels;and the increased plant density also exacerbate the difference in SPSase,ADPGase and GS activities between inferior and superior kernels,which mainly attributed to the significant decrease in SPSase,ADPGase and GS activities of inferior kernel. In conclusion,the increased plant density exacerbate the kernel position effect of summer maize,this was related to the lower grain-filling rate and kernel weight of inferior kernel since mid-grain filling stage,the lower grain filling rate in inferior kernel under dense planting was not only related to the insufficient post-silking dry matter accumulation,and it was also closely related to the lower activities of SPSase,ADPGase,and GS in inferior kernels.

Key words: Summer maize, Increasing plant density, Kernel position effect, Carbon and nitrogen metabolism

ZHAI Lichao, ZHANG Lihua, ZHENG Mengjing, LÜ Lihua, SHEN Haiping, YAO Haipo, JIA Xiuling. Responses of Kernel Position Effect of Summer Maize to Increasing Plant Density and Its Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism Characteristic[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(5): 97-104. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192910.

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References 33

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年 Year	处理 Treatment	花前干物质积累量/(g/株) Pre-anthesis DMA	花后干物质积累量/(g/株) Post-anthesis DMA	总干物质积累量/(g/株) Total DMA	收获指数 Harvest index
2020	PD1	119.5±4.4a	188.5±7.9a	308.0±4.4a	0.513±0.011a
	PD2	108.0±3.1b	170.4±5.6b	278.4±13.5b	0.536±0.008a
	PD3	92.5±1.0c	140.7±4.5c	233.3±3.9c	0.464±0.008b
2021	PD1	92.8±0.3ab	101.0±2.9a	193.8±2.6a	0.565±0.002a
	PD2	98.9±1.4a	89.7±2.8b	178.6±1.5b	0.539±0.004b
	PD3	90.1±1.2b	82.8±2.2b	172.9±1.1b	0.528±0.001c

年 Year	处理 Treatment	花前干物质积累量/(g/株) Pre-anthesis DMA	花后干物质积累量/(g/株) Post-anthesis DMA	总干物质积累量/(g/株) Total DMA	收获指数 Harvest index
2020	PD1	119.5±4.4a	188.5±7.9a	308.0±4.4a	0.513±0.011a
	PD2	108.0±3.1b	170.4±5.6b	278.4±13.5b	0.536±0.008a
	PD3	92.5±1.0c	140.7±4.5c	233.3±3.9c	0.464±0.008b
2021	PD1	92.8±0.3ab	101.0±2.9a	193.8±2.6a	0.565±0.002a
	PD2	98.9±1.4a	89.7±2.8b	178.6±1.5b	0.539±0.004b
	PD3	90.1±1.2b	82.8±2.2b	172.9±1.1b	0.528±0.001c

处理 Treatment	籽粒类型 Kernel type	蔗糖磷酸合成酶/ (μg/(min·g)) SPSase	蔗糖合成酶/ (μg/(min·g)) SSase	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶/ (nmol/(min·g)) ADPGase	淀粉合成酶/ (nmol/(min·g)) SSSase	淀粉分支酶/ (U/g) SBEase
PD1	弱势粒	342.5±9.4b	1 213.3±12.1a	33.6±0.1ab	30.0±0.5d	98.9±1.3b
	强势粒	390.7±2.5a	1 148.2±18.9ab	36.5±0.1a	34.7±0.2a	111.7±1.1a
PD2	弱势粒	322.6±13.1b	1 098.0±5.8b	30.5±0.9c	31.0±0.4cd	99.5±2.2b
	强势粒	404.5±8.2a	1 099.2±55.6b	34.8±1.0ab	32.9±0.7b	113.8±6.6a
PD3	弱势粒	319.7±5.8b	1 209.2±7.1a	28.5±1.0d	24.3±0.7e	97.9±3.5b
	强势粒	402.7±4.4a	1 189.7±19.7a	33.5±0.2b	31.8±0.6bc	117.1±0.9a

处理 Treatment	籽粒类型 Kernel type	蔗糖磷酸合成酶/ (μg/(min·g)) SPSase	蔗糖合成酶/ (μg/(min·g)) SSase	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶/ (nmol/(min·g)) ADPGase	淀粉合成酶/ (nmol/(min·g)) SSSase	淀粉分支酶/ (U/g) SBEase
PD1	弱势粒	342.5±9.4b	1 213.3±12.1a	33.6±0.1ab	30.0±0.5d	98.9±1.3b
	强势粒	390.7±2.5a	1 148.2±18.9ab	36.5±0.1a	34.7±0.2a	111.7±1.1a
PD2	弱势粒	322.6±13.1b	1 098.0±5.8b	30.5±0.9c	31.0±0.4cd	99.5±2.2b
	强势粒	404.5±8.2a	1 099.2±55.6b	34.8±1.0ab	32.9±0.7b	113.8±6.6a
PD3	弱势粒	319.7±5.8b	1 209.2±7.1a	28.5±1.0d	24.3±0.7e	97.9±3.5b
	强势粒	402.7±4.4a	1 189.7±19.7a	33.5±0.2b	31.8±0.6bc	117.1±0.9a

处理 Treatment	籽粒类型 Kernel type	谷氨酰胺合成酶/ (U/g) GS	硝酸还原酶/ (nmol/(h·g)) NR	亚硝酸还原酶/ (μmol/(h·g)) NiR	NADH-谷氨酸脱氢酶/ (nmol/(min·g)) NADH-GDH
PD1	弱势粒	2.76±0.02c	136.7±0.8b	337.9±2.4a	9.5±0.8b
	强势粒	2.98±0.06b	167.0±3.5a	331.5±3.5a	14.8±0.3a
PD2	弱势粒	2.96±0.02b	106.3±3.5d	337.3±1.1a	9.8±0.3b
	强势粒	3.22±0.01a	128.8±2.7b	329.3±1.2a	13.5±0.7a
PD3	弱势粒	2.59±0.03c	97.1±0.3e	338.0±0.2a	9.3±0.3b
	强势粒	2.93±0.05b	117.8±3.2c	336.7±2.6a	14.0±0.6a

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