Effects of Low Temperature Treatment at Spring Spike Differentiation Stage on Young Ear Fruiting and Physiological Characteristics of Different Wheat Varieties

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190321

Abstract

Abstract: Aikang 58 and Zhengmai 366 were taken as the materials to study the effects of low temperature stress on seed setting and physiological characteristics of wheat varieties with different resistances to spring chill, in order to provide the theoretical reference for further research of wheat resistance to late spring coldness and variety improvement. The pot culture and artificial simulation method for late spring coldness were used to analyze the seed setting characteristics and the change of young ear physiological indexes at female stamen primordium differentiation stage, anther separation stage and tetrad formation stage of wheat under treatment of 0℃ low temperature. The results showed that the grain number per ear of the two tested varieties decreased with the extension of the low temperature treatment time for all the three treatment stages, but the degrees of decrease were different in different treatment times and varieties. After 24, 48 and 72 h of low temperature stresses at stamen/pistil differentiation stage, the grain number per panicle of Aikang 58 decreased by 6.52%, 14.07% and 22.37%, while that of Zhengmai 366 decreased by 37.14%, 44.43% and 64.71%, respectively. After 24, 48 and 72 h of low-temperature treatments at anther separation stage, the grain number per ear of Aikang 58 decreased by 3.74%, 9.05% and 13.71%, and that of Zhengmai 366 decreased by 27.54%, 37.80% and 48.55%, respectively. After low temperature treatments for 24, 48, and 72 h at tetrad formation stage, the grain number per spike of Aikang 58 decreased by 2.70%, 4.70%, and 4.73%, but that of Zhengmai 366 decreased by 12.39%, 29.67% and 32.30%, respectively. With the delay of low temperature treatment time, Aikang 58 and Zhengmai 366 both showed a decreasing trend in grain number per panicle. The number of grains per spike decreased significantly in low temperature treatment at female stamen primordium differentiation stage, indicating that this stage was sensitive to low temperature. The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in young panicles of Aikang 58 and Zhengmai 366 showed a trend of increasing first and then slowly decreasing after the low temperature treatments for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h at female stamen primordium differentiation stage, anther separation stage and tetrad formation stage. The absolute contents and rising trends of soluble protein and soluble sugar in Aikang 58 were higher than in Zhengmai 366. After low temperature treatment, the superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase activity(POD)and catalase activity(CAT)of the two varieties were all higher than those of the control, while the absolute levels and increasing trends of SOD, POD and CAT in young ears of Aikang 58 were all higher than in that of Zhengmai 366, but the increasing level of malondialdehyde(MDA)in Aikang 58 was lower than in Zhengmai 366. The correlation analysis showed that grain number per panicle had significant or extremely significant positive correlations with SOD activity and POD activity, and extremely significant negative correlation with MDA content after low temperature stress. POD, SOD and MDA could be used as the evaluation indexes of wheat seedling resistance to spring chill. The physiological mechanism of wheat resistance to spring chill is manifested as a comprehensive defense in many aspects.

Key words: Wheat, Young spike, Spike differentiation, Low temperature treatment, Seed setting characteristics, Physiological characteristics

CLC Number:

S512.1

ZHANG Ziyang, WANG Zhiyu, WANG Bin, WANG Zhiwei, ZHU Qidi, HUO Yunfeng, RU Zhengang, LIU Mingjiu. Effects of Low Temperature Treatment at Spring Spike Differentiation Stage on Young Ear Fruiting and Physiological Characteristics of Different Wheat Varieties[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(4): 130-139. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190321.

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