基于MCI指数研究河北省冬小麦生育期干旱特征

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195606

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨为研究河北省冬小麦气象干旱的时空分布特征,利用河北省冬小麦种植区域119个国家气象站1991-2021年冬小麦生育期内的气象观测资料,根据《气象干旱等级》国家标准(GB/T 20481-2017)计算气象干旱综合指数(MCI),分析了河北省冬小麦近30年干旱时空分布特征。结果表明:河北省冬小麦种植区随着干旱等级从轻旱到特旱,干旱发生频率也呈阶梯式逐步下降。河北省冬小麦不同生育阶段轻旱发生频率平均值为22.1%~22.5%;中旱发生频率平均值为11.7%~14.5%;重旱发生频率平均值为3.6%~5.5%;特旱发生频率平均值为0.4%~1.0%。全生育期中旱及以上干旱发生频率相对偏高的地区主要在衡水大部、沧州西部和南部、邢台东部、邯郸东部,其发生频率均在20.25%以上。1991-2021年河北省冬小麦生育中期和生育后期的干旱强度和干旱范围均有明显减弱趋势。

关键词: 冬小麦, 干旱特征, 气象干旱综合指数(MCI), 河北省, 生育期

Abstract:

It is important for agricultural production to study the spatial and temporal distribution of winter wheat drought in Hebei Province.Based on the meteorological observation data of 119 national meteorological stations in Hebei Province during the growing period of winter wheat from 1991 to 2021,based on the national standard of"Meteorological Drought Grade"(GB/T 20481-2017),we calculated the meteorological drought composite index(MCI)and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of winter wheat drought in Hebei Province in recent 30 years.The results showed that:the frequency of drought decreased gradually with the drought grade from light drought to extreme drought.The average frequency of light drought occurrence in different growth stages of winter wheat in Hebei Province ranges from 22.1% to 22.5%.The average frequency of medium drought occurrence ranges from 11.7% to 14.5%.The average frequency of heavy drought occurrence ranges from 3.6% to 5.5%.The average frequency of extreme drought occurrence ranges from 0.4% to 1.0%.During the whole growth period,the areas with relatively high frequency of occurrence of medium drought and above were mainly distributed in most parts of Hengshui,west and south of Cangzhou,east of Xingtai,and east of Handan,and the frequency of occurrence was more than 20.25%.From 1991 to 2021,the drought intensity and range of winter wheat in Hebei Province showed a significant decreasing trend in the middle and later stages of growth.

Key words: Winter wheat, Characteristics of drought, MCI, Hebei Province, Growth stage

中图分类号:

高泽田, 董航宇, 范俊红, 代立芹, 冯雪, 李文晴. 基于MCI指数研究河北省冬小麦生育期干旱特征[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(S1): 78-85. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195606.

GAO Zetian, DONG Hangyu, FAN Junhong, DAI Liqin, FENG Xue, LI Wenqing. Research on Drought Characteristics of Winter Wheat Growth Period in Hebei Province Based on MCI Index[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 78-85. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195606.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/IS1/78

图/表 8

参考文献 26

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等级 Level	干旱类型 Types of drought	气象干旱综合指数 Meteorological drought composite index(MCI)	描述 Description
1	无旱	-0.5<MCI	地表湿润,作物水分供应充足;地表水资源充足,能满足人们生产、生活需要。
2	轻旱	-1.0<MCI≤-0.5	地表空气干燥,土壤出现水分轻度不足,作物轻微缺水,叶色不正;水资源出现短缺,但对生产、生活影响不大。
3	中旱	-1.5<MCI≤-1.0	土壤表面干燥,土壤出现水分不足,作物叶片出现萎蔫现象;水资源短缺,对生产、生活造成影响。
4	重旱	-2.0<MCI≤-1.5	土壤水分持续严重不足,出现干土层(1~10 cm),作物出现枯死现象;河流出现断流,水资源严重不足,对生产、生活造成较重影响。
5	特旱	MCI≤-2.0	土壤水分持续严重不足,出现较厚干土层(大于10 cm),作物出现大面积枯死;多条河流出现断流,水资源严重不足,对生产、生活造成严重影响。

等级 Level	干旱类型 Types of drought	气象干旱综合指数 Meteorological drought composite index(MCI)	描述 Description
1	无旱	-0.5<MCI	地表湿润,作物水分供应充足;地表水资源充足,能满足人们生产、生活需要。
2	轻旱	-1.0<MCI≤-0.5	地表空气干燥,土壤出现水分轻度不足,作物轻微缺水,叶色不正;水资源出现短缺,但对生产、生活影响不大。
3	中旱	-1.5<MCI≤-1.0	土壤表面干燥,土壤出现水分不足,作物叶片出现萎蔫现象;水资源短缺,对生产、生活造成影响。
4	重旱	-2.0<MCI≤-1.5	土壤水分持续严重不足,出现干土层(1~10 cm),作物出现枯死现象;河流出现断流,水资源严重不足,对生产、生活造成较重影响。
5	特旱	MCI≤-2.0	土壤水分持续严重不足,出现较厚干土层(大于10 cm),作物出现大面积枯死;多条河流出现断流,水资源严重不足,对生产、生活造成严重影响。

干旱类型 Types of drought	发生频率相对偏高的地区 Regions with relatively high frequency of occurrence	发生频率/% Frequency of occurrence
轻旱Light drought	保定东南部、沧州中部和西部、衡水西北部和东部、邢台中部、石家庄东部、邯郸北部	≥24.50
中旱Medium drought	衡水中南部、邢台东部、邯郸大部	≥15.50
重旱Heavy drought	保定东北部、石家庄中部、衡水大部、邯郸东部	≥5.25
特旱Extreme drought	保定东南部、沧州西北部	≥1.50
中旱及以上 Medium and above drought	石家庄中部和东部、衡水大部、沧州西部和南部、邢台东部、邯郸大部	≥19.25

干旱类型 Types of drought	发生频率相对偏高的地区 Regions with relatively high frequency of occurrence	发生频率/% Frequency of occurrence
轻旱Light drought	保定东南部、沧州中部和西部、衡水西北部和东部、邢台中部、石家庄东部、邯郸北部	≥24.50
中旱Medium drought	衡水中南部、邢台东部、邯郸大部	≥15.50
重旱Heavy drought	保定东北部、石家庄中部、衡水大部、邯郸东部	≥5.25
特旱Extreme drought	保定东南部、沧州西北部	≥1.50
中旱及以上 Medium and above drought	石家庄中部和东部、衡水大部、沧州西部和南部、邢台东部、邯郸大部	≥19.25

干旱类型 Types of drought	发生频率相对偏高的地区 Regions with relatively high frequency of occurrence	发生频率/% Frequency of occurrence
轻旱Light drought	保定西南部、石家庄东部、邢台西南部、邯郸中部	≥25.00
中旱Medium drought	唐山北部、廊坊北部、沧州东南部、衡水中南部	≥16.50
重旱Heavy drought	唐山北部、沧州南部	≥7.75
特旱Extreme drought	唐山北部、保定西部、邯郸西部	≥1.875
中旱及以上Medium and above drought	唐山北部、沧州南部、衡水中部、廊坊北部	≥24.25

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