化肥配施有机肥对黑土肥力与春玉米产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192160

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究化肥配施不同种类有机肥对黑土肥力及春玉米产量的影响，为保护好和利用好黑土地提供理论依据。基于田间定位试验，监测了单施化肥（NPK）、化肥配施玉米秸秆（NPK+ST）、化肥配施牛粪（NPK+NF）、化肥配施鸡粪（NPK+JF）和化肥配施猪粪（NPK+ZF）5个处理实施5 a后0~20 cm，20~40 cm土层土壤有机碳、活性有机碳与速效养分含量、土壤酶活性及年际间玉米产量的变化。结果表明，与NPK处理相比，NPK+NF和NPK+ZF处理显著增加了0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量，增幅为11.5%，11.1%；化肥配施有机肥处理显著增加了0~20 cm土层活性有机碳含量，增幅为18.3%~39.2%；NPK+NF、NPK+JF和NPK+ZF处理显著增加了0~20 cm土层速效磷和速效钾的含量，增幅分别为1.19~3.02倍，14.0%~19.6%。NPK+ST、NPK+NF和NPK+ZF处理显著增加了0~20 cm，20~40 cm土层土壤纤维素酶活性，增幅分别为15.7%~29.3%，19.4%~41.7%；NPK+JF和NPK+ZF显著增加了0~20 cm土层土壤脲酶活性，增幅分别为16.0%，12.1%；化肥配施有机肥处理显著增加了0~20 cm，20~40 cm蔗糖酶活性和磷酸酶活性，蔗糖酶活性增幅为47.3%~126.0%，19.0%~31.4%，磷酸酶活性以NPK+ZF处理增加最突出。5 a间，化肥配施有机肥处理玉米平均产量较NPK处理增加4.82%~11.70%，以NPK+ZF处理增幅最高。因此，有机肥还田可有效改善黑土耕层土壤有机碳水平、养分供应能力及酶活性，随之玉米产量得以提升。

关键词: 春玉米, 秸秆, 畜禽粪肥, 土壤有机碳, 速效养分, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: To investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer combined with different kinds of organic amendments on soil fertility and spring maize yield in mollisol, which provides theoretical foundation for protection and utilization of mollisol.Five treatments i.e., chemical fertilizer alone(NPK), NPK plus corn stalk(NPK+ST), NPK plus cow manure(NPK+NF), NPK plus chicken manure(NPK+JF) and NPK plus pig manure(NPK+ZF) were selected from a field experiment to monitor contents of soil organic carbon, active organic carbon, available nutrients, and soil enzyme activity at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm soil layer after five amended years, as well as the annual change in maize yield. The results showed that compared with NPK treatment, NPK+NF and NPK+ZF significantly increased soil organic carbon content at 0-20 cm soil layer by 11.5%, 11.1%, respectively, the application of NPK plus organic amendments significantly increased active organic carbon content at 0-20 cm soil layer with the range of 18.3%-39.2%.Compared with NPK treatment, soil available phosphorus and potassium contents at 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly increased in NPK+NF, NPK+JF and NPK+ZF treatments with the range of 1.19-3.02 times, 14.0%-19.6%. In relative to NPK treatment, cellulase activity at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm soil layer were significantly increased in NPK+ST, NPK+NF and NPK+ZF treatments with the range of 15.7%-29.3% and 19.4%-41.7%, NPK+JF and NPK+ZF significantly increased the urease activity at 0-20 cm soil layer by 16.0% and 12.1%, the activity of invertase and phosphatase at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly increased in organic amended treatments, with the range of 47.3%-126.0% and 19.0%-31.4% in invertase activity, respectively, and NPK+ZF treatment had greater phosphatase activity than others in both soil depths. During the five years, the average maize yield was increased under combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic amendments in the range of 4.82%-11.70%, as compared with NPK, and the highest average yield was found in NPK+ZF treatment. Therefore, organic amendments could effectively improve the level of soil organic carbon nutrient supply, and enzyme activity in topsoil of mollisol, and subsequently increase the maize yield.

Key words: Spring maize, Straw, Organic manure, Soil organic carbon, Available nutrients, Soil enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S143

逄娜, 程松, 张水梅, 袁静超, 刘剑钊, 刘松涛, 任军, 梁尧, 蔡红光. 化肥配施有机肥对黑土肥力与春玉米产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(4): 124-131. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192160.

PANG Na, CHENG Song, ZHANG Shuimei, YUAN Jingchao, LIU Jianzhao, LIU Songtao, REN Jun, LIANG Yao, CAI Hongguang. Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Amendments on Soil Fertility and Spring Maize Yield in Mollisol[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(4): 124-131. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192160.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/I4/124

参考文献

[1] 刘树伟, 纪程, 邹建文.陆地生态系统碳氮过程对大气CO₂浓度升高的响应与反馈[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2019, 42(5):781-786.doi:10.7685/jnau.201903018.
Liu S W, Ji C, Zou J W.Response and feedback of terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycling to elevated atmospheric CO₂[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2019, 42(5):781-786.
[2] Frimpong K A, Asare-Bediako E, Amissah R, Okae-Anti D. Influence of compost on incidence and severity of okra mosaic disease and fruit yield and quality of two okra(Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) cultivars[J]. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 2017, 16(1):1-14.doi:10.9734/IJPSS/2017/32753.
[3] 杨忠赞, 迟凤琴, 匡恩俊, 张久明, 宿庆瑞, 张一雯, 刘亦丹.有机肥替代对土壤理化性状及产量的综合评价[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1):153-160.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190078.
Yang Z Z, Chi F Q, Kuang E J, Zhang J M, Su Q R, Zhang Y W, Liu Y D. Comprehensive evaluation of soil physical and chemical properties and yield by substitution of organic manure[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2019, 34(S1):153-160.
[4] 伍佳, 王忍, 吕广动, 隆斌庆, 杨飞翔, 陈慧娜, 黄璜.不同秸秆还田方式对水稻产量及土壤养分的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(6):177-183.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751760.
Wu J, Wang R, Lü G D, Long B Q, Yang F X, Chen H N, Huang H. Effects of different straw returning ways on rice yield and soil nutrients[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2019, 34(6):177-183.
[5] He Y B, Gu F, Xu C, Wang Y. Assessing of the influence of organic and inorganic amendments on the physical-chemical properties of a red soil(Ultisol) quality[J]. Catena, 2019, 183:104231.doi:10.1016/j.catena.2019.104231.
[6] 张志毅, 熊桂云, 吴茂前, 范先鹏, 冯婷婷, 巴瑞先, 段申荣.有机培肥与耕作方式对稻麦轮作土壤团聚体和有机碳组分的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2020, 28(3):405-412.doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.190617.
Zhang Z Y, Xiong G Y, Wu M Q, Fan X P, Feng T T, Ba R X, Duan S R.Effects of organic fertilization and tillage method on soil aggregates and organic carbon fractions in a wheat-rice system[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(3):405-412.
[7] Mahajan G R, Das B, Manivannan S, Manjunath B L, Verma R R, Desai S, Kulkarni R M, Latare A M, Sale R, Murgaonkar D, Patel K P, Morajkar S, Desai A, Barnes N, Mulla H. Soil and water conservation measures improve soil carbon sequestration and soil quality under cashews[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2021, 36(2):190-206.doi:10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.07.009.
[8] 马忠明, 王平, 陈娟, 包兴国.适量有机肥与氮肥配施方可提高河西绿洲土壤肥力及作物生产效益[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(5):1298-1309.doi:10.11674/zwyf.15346.
Ma Z M, Wang P, Chen J, Bao X G. Combined long-term application of organic materials with nitrogen fertilizer in suitable amount could improve soil fertility and crop production profit in Hexi Oasis of Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(5):1298-1309.
[9] 武晓森, 周晓琳, 曹凤明, 朱宝成, 赵同凯, 沈德龙.不同施肥处理对玉米产量及土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2015(1):44-49.doi:10.11838/sfsc.20150109.
Wu X S, Zhou X L, Cao F M, Zhu B C, Zhao T K, Shen D L. Effects of different fertilization on the corn yield and soil enzyme activity in corn growth period[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2015(1):44-49.
[10] Shao X H, Zheng J W. Soil organic carbon, black carbon, and enzyme activity under long-term fertilization[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014, 13(3):517-524.doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(13) 60707-8.
[11] 孙凯, 刘振, 胡恒宇, 李耕, 刘文涛, 杨柳, 宁堂原, 王彦玲.有机培肥与轮耕方式对夏玉米田土壤碳氮和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(3):401-410.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83028.
Sun K, Liu Z, Hu H Y, Li G, Liu W T, Yang L, Ning T Y, Wang Y L. Effect of organic fertilizer and rotational tillage practices on soil carbon and nitrogen and maize yield in wheat-maize cropping system[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(3):401-410.
[12] 申贵男, 袁媛, 艾士奇, 刘晓烨, 晏磊, 谷学佳, 王玉峰, 王伟东.东北粮食主产区秸秆和畜禽粪便资源化现状问卷调查及建议[J]. 土壤与作物, 2020, 9(3):296-303.doi:10.11689/j.issn.2095-2961.2020.03.010.
Shen G N, Yuan Y, Ai S Q, Liu X Y, Yan L, Gu X J, Wang Y F, Wang W D. Questionnaire survey and suggestions on the status of straw and livestock manure recycling in the main grain producing areas of Northeast China[J]. Soils and Crops, 2020, 9(3):296-303.
[13] 蔡红光, 梁尧, 刘慧涛, 刘剑钊, 秦裕波, 刘方明, 袁静超, 张洪喜, 任军, 王立春.东北地区玉米秸秆全量深翻还田耕种技术研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2019, 27(5):123-129.doi:10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20190518.
Cai H G, Liang Y, Liu H T, Liu J Z, Qin Y B, Liu F M, Yuan J C, Zhang H X, Ren J, Wang L C. Research on full maize straw returning with deep ploughing mode in the northeast China[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2019, 27(5):123-129.
[14] 武红亮, 王士超, 槐圣昌, 闫志浩, 马常宝, 薛彦东, 徐明岗, 卢昌艾.近30年来典型黑土肥力和生产力演变特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6):1456-1464.doi:10.11674/zwyf.18238.
Wu H L, Wang S C, Huai S C, Yan Z H, Ma C B, Xue Y D, Xu M G, Lu C A. Evolutionary characteristics of fertility and productivity of typical black soil in recent 30 years[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6):1456-1464.
[15] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M].3版. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.
Bao S D. Soil chemical analysis[M].3rd edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[16] Blair G J, Lefroy R D B, Lisle L. Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems[J]. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1995, 46(7):1459-1466.doi:10.1071/AR9951459.
[17] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社, 1986:260-360.
Guan S Y. Soil enzyme and its research methods[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1986:260-360.
[18] 吴金水, 林启美, 黄巧云, 肖和艾.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社, 2006.
Wu J S, Lin Q M, Huang Q Y, Xiao H A. Determination of soil microbial biomass and its application[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 2006.
[19] 张学林, 周亚男, 李晓立, 侯小畔, 安婷婷, 王群.氮肥对室内和大田条件下作物秸秆分解和养分释放的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(10):1746-1760.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.10.008.
Zhang X L, Zhou Y N, Li X L, Hou X P, An T T, Wang Q. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on crop residue decomposition and nutrient release under lab incubation and field conditions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(10):1746-1760.
[20] 张宇辰, 彭道黎.间伐对塞罕坝华北落叶松人工林土壤活性有机碳的影响[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2020, 26(4):961-968.doi:10.19675/j.cnki.1006-687x.2020.01030.
Zhang Y C, Peng D L. Effects of thinning on the soil active organic carbon of Larix principis rupprechtii plantations in Saihanba[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2020, 26(4):961-968.
[21] 王怡雯, 许浩, 茹淑华, 苏德纯.有机肥连续施用对土壤剖面有机碳分布的影响及其与重金属的关系[J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(5):1500-1507.doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.201905.011.
Wang Y W, Xu H, Ru S H, Su D C. Effects of continuous application of organic fertilizer on the distribution of organic carbon in soil profile and its relationship with heavy metals[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2019, 38(5):1500-1507.
[22] 丁文成, 李书田, 黄绍敏.氮肥管理和秸秆腐熟剂对¹⁵N标记玉米秸秆氮有效性与去向的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(14):2725-2736.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.14.007.
Ding W C, Li S T, Huang S M. Bioavailability and fate of nitrogen from ¹⁵N-labeled corn straw as affected by nitrogen management and straw microbial inoculants[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(14):2725-2736.
[23] 李大明, 柳开楼, 叶会财, 胡志华, 余喜初, 徐小林, 杨旭初, 周利军, 胡秋萍, 胡惠文, 黄庆海.长期不同施肥处理红壤旱地剖面养分分布差异[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(3):633-640.doi:10.11674/zwyf.17265.
Li D M, Liu K L, Ye H C, Hu Z H, Yu X C, Xu X L, Yang X C, Zhou L J, Hu Q P, Hu H W, Huang Q H. Differences of soil nutrient distribution in profiles under long-term fertilization in upland red soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(3):633-640.
[24] Cui J W, Song D L, Dai X L, Xu X P, He P, Wang X Y, Liang G Q, Zhou W, Zhu P. Effects of long-term cropping regimes on SOC stability, soil microbial community and enzyme activities in the mollisol region of Northeast China[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2021, 164:103941.doi:10.1016/J.APSOIL.2021.103941.
[25] 贺美, 王立刚, 朱平, 戚瑞敏, 王迎春.长期定位施肥下黑土碳排放特征及其碳库组分与酶活性变化[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(19):6379-6389.doi:10.5846/stxb201607111414.
He M, Wang L G, Zhu P, Qi R M, Wang Y C. Carbon emission characteristics, carbon library components, and enzyme activity under long-term fertilization conditions of black soil[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(19):6379-6389.
[26] 李明松, 张洪梅, 朱平, 高云航, 刘淑霞.不同施肥处理对农田黑土土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2017, 25(5):116-121.doi:10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20170519.
Li M S, Zhang H M, Zhu P, Gao Y H, Liu S X. Effects of different fertilization treatments on farmland phaeozem soil enzyme activity[J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2017, 25(5):116-121.
[27] 胡啸. 稻田施用有机物料对土壤肥力影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2019.
Hu X. Effects on soil fertility in the application of organic materials in paddy field[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2019.
[28] 程曼, 解文艳, 杨振兴, 周怀平.黄土旱塬长期秸秆还田对土壤养分、酶活性及玉米产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2019, 27(10):1528-1536.doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.190235.
Cheng M, Xie W Y, Yang Z X, Zhou H P. Effects of long-term straw return on corn yield, soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in dryland of the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(10):1528-1536.
[29] 张茜, 张小梅, 梁斌, 毕明浩, 李俊良.长期定位施肥对设施番茄土壤酶活性及土壤养分动态变化的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(1):179-186.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2017.01.027.
Zhang Q, Zhang X M, Liang B, Bi M H, Li J L. Effects of long-term fertilization on the dynamics of soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient under the greenhouse tomato-cultivating system[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2017, 32(1):179-186.
[30] 丁力, 张清旭, 陈晓婷, 叶江华, 贾小丽, 孔祥海, 林炜明, 王海斌.动物源有机肥对茶树生长及其根际土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2018, 46(20):121-125.doi:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2018.20.031.
Ding L, Zhang Q X, Chen X T, Ye J H, Jia X L, Kong X H, Lin W M, Wang H B.Effects of animal manure on tea tree growth and enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 46(20):121-125.
[31] 戚瑞敏, 温延臣, 赵秉强, 林治安, 李志杰, 李娟.长期不同施肥潮土活性有机氮库组分与酶活性对外源牛粪的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(8):1265-1276.doi:10.11674/zwyf.18516.
Qi R M, Wen Y C, Zhao B Q, Lin Z A, Li Z J, Li J. Response of soil organic nitrogen fractions and enzyme activities to cattle manure addition in long-term fertilized fluvo-aquic soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(8):1265-1276.
[32] 井大炜, 邢尚军.鸡粪与化肥不同配比对杨树苗根际土壤酶和微生物量碳、氮变化的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(2):455-461.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2013.0223.
Jing D W, Xing S J. Effects of chicken manure mixed with inorganic fertilizer on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass C and N at rhizosphere of poplar seedlings[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2013, 19(2):455-461.
[33] 弓萌萌, 王红, 张雪梅, 刘洋, 李寒, 郭素萍.不同有机肥施用量对苹果园土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2019, 34(3):74-78, 97.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2019.03.11.
Gong M M, Wang H, Zhang X M, Liu Y, Li H, Guo S P. Effects of different organic fertilizer amounts on soil nutrient and enzyme activity of apple orchard[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2019, 34(3):74-78, 97.
[34] 程雄, 王利英, 李文彦, 张海春, 李永涛, 张玉龙.猪场废弃物和解磷菌、蚯蚓联合施用对旱坡地土壤碳循环相关酶的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(12):2479-2485.doi:10.11654/jaes.2017-0686.
Cheng X, Wang L Y, Li W Y, Zhang H C, Li Y T, Zhang Y L. Effects of pig farm waste, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and earthworms on enzymes related to soil C cycling in arid hillside land[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017, 36(12):2479-2485.
[35] 姜利红, 谢桂先, 刘强, 荣湘民, 向秀媛, 李波.有机无机肥配施对双季稻田土壤微生物和碳库的影响[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 44(3):295-300.doi:10.13331/j.cnki.jhau.2018.03.012.
Jiang L H, Xie G X, Liu Q, Rong X M, Xiang X Y, Li B. Effect of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microbial and carbon pool in double rice paddy field[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences), 2018, 44(3):295-300.
[36] 邱吟霜, 王西娜, 李培富, 侯贤清, 王艳丽, 吴鹏年, 霍文斌.不同种类有机肥及用量对当季旱地土壤肥力和玉米产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2019(6):182-189.doi:10.11838/sfsc.1673-6257.18498.
Qiu Y S, Wang X N, Li P F, Hou X Q, Wang Y L, Wu P N, Huo W B. Different kinds of organic fertilizers and amounts on dryland soil fertility and corn yield in the current season[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2019(6):182-189.
[37] 张秀芝, 高洪军, 彭畅, 李强, 朱平, 高强. 长期有机培肥黑土有机碳、全氮及玉米产量稳定性的变化特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(9):1473-1481.doi:10.11674/zwyf.18390.
Zhang X Z, Gao H J, Peng C, Li Q, Zhu P, Gao Q. Variation trend of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and the stability of maize yield in black soil under long-term organic fertilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(9):1473-1481.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容