基于高肥力设施土壤蔡-18菌液替代化肥 对黄瓜生长与土壤生态的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190824

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为改善设施蔬菜土壤生态，推动化肥零增长计划实施。在土壤速效氮、磷、钾分别为283.55，574.05，1 161.3 mg/kg，有机质54.9 g/kg的高肥力日光温室中设置追施水溶性化肥（WSF）、蔡-18菌发酵液（Cai-18）和不施肥（CK）3种施肥处理，采用Miseq高通量技术、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）测定法、顶空固相微萃取-气质联用（HS-SPME-GCMS）分析方法测定3种施肥方式对黄瓜产量和品质、根区土壤养分含量、根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明，WSF和Cai-18处理显著提高黄瓜产量，比CK分别增产6.21%和6.59%，Cai-18处理的氮、磷、钾用量比WSF处理分别减少93.48%，95.44%，98.63%，但两者产量差异不显著。Cai-18处理增加黄瓜酯类香气物质的种类和相对含量，提高果实的风味；WSF和Cai-18处理在黄瓜质地和可溶性糖含量差异不大，但二者果实的可溶性糖含量显著高于CK。Cai-18处理根际土壤细菌的97%相似水平下OTU分组数、菌种丰富度指数Chao-1和菌种多样性指数Shannon大于其他2种处理，而其真菌的OTU数和Shannon指数小于其他2种处理，但均没有达到显著差异。在菌群数量结构上，与WSF处理相比，Cai-18处理改善了根际土壤细菌和真菌菌群数量结构的均衡性；与CK相比，Cai-18处理根际土壤的细菌菌群数量结构均衡性更好，但真菌菌群数量结构均衡性较CK差。黄瓜拉秧后，Cai-18处理土壤速效钾含量比WSF处理降低了140.85 mg/kg （P <0.05），但2种处理的有机质、水解氮和有效磷含量差异不显著；CK处理的速效钾、有效磷含量显著低于前2种处理。在肥力高的土壤上施用蔡-18菌发酵液可以改善根际土壤微生物生态环境，缓解过量施肥导致的根层土壤养分失衡问题，提高黄瓜产量和品质。

关键词: 黄瓜, 蔡-18菌发酵液, 根际土壤菌群, 根区土壤养分, 产量, 品质

Abstract: To improve soil ecological environment of greenhouse vegetables and promote the implementation of Zero Increment Plan for Chemical Fertilizer. Three fertilization treatments including chemical fertilizer(WSF),Cai-18 microbial fermentation liquid(Cai-18) and no-fertilizer (CK) were chosen in green house fertile soil with the content of available N 283.55 mg/kg,P 574.05 mg/kg,K 1 161.3 mg/kg and organic matter 54.9 g/kg. Rhizosphere soil micro-flora,soil nutrient content,quality and yield of cucumber grown on fertile soil with the above three fertilization treatments in greenhouse were tested by using Miseq high-throughput technique,GC-MS determination,HS-SPME-GCMS analysis,as well as other general testing methods. The results showed that there was no significant difference in cucumber yield between WSF and Cai-18 treatments whose consumption in N,P,K was reduced by 93.48%,95.44% and 98.63% compared with the former,while the cucumber yield was 6.21% and 6.59% higher than that of CK(P <0.05),respectively. These two treatments had no difference in the fruit texture and content of soluble sugar,while the contents of soluble sugar were significantly higher than that of CK. Comparably,more species and higher relative contents of esters could be produced by using Cai-18 microbe fermentation liquid with a result of facilitating fruit favor. The indexes of OTU,Chao 1 and Shannon in bacterial flora of rhizosphere soil treated by Cai-18 microbial fermentation liquid were higher than those treated by WSF and CK,but Chao 1 and Shannon indexes were lower in fungi flora.Cai-18 treatment improved quantity homogeneity of bacterial and fungi flora in rhizosphere soil,while CK treatment ameliorated fungi flora homogeneity. The content of available K in Cai-18 treatment,was 140.85 mg/kg lower than that of WSF treatment in soil after harvest (P <0.05),while there was no significant difference in the content of available P between these two treatments. As compared with CK,the treatments of Cai-18 and WSF gained significantly higher content of available K and P. It could be concluded that as compared with chemical fertilizer,Cai-18 microbe fermentation liquid on fertile soil could improve quality of product and balance structure of micro-flora and nutrition in soil with no-reducing cucumber yield.

Key words: Cucumber, Cai-18 microbe fermentation liquid, Rhizosphere soil micro-flora, Nutrient content in root soil, Yield, Quality

中图分类号:

S143

杨小玲, 仝雅娜, 华明艳, 宋兰芳, 马洪英, 张淑香. 基于高肥力设施土壤蔡-18菌液替代化肥对黄瓜生长与土壤生态的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(4): 153-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190824.

YANG Xiaoling, TONG Yana, HUA Mingyan, SONG Lanfang, MA Hongying, ZHANG Shuxiang. Effect Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer with Microbial Fermentation Solution Cai-18 on Growth of Cucumber and Rhizospheric Ecology in Greenhouse Fertile Soil[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(4): 153-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190824.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I4/153

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