膜下滴灌追肥量对花生生长发育及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190425

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了确定花生生长所需的适宜追肥量，提供花生高产高效施肥理论依据。以高产花生品种青花7号为材料，于2017-2018年连续2 a采用水肥一体化技术进行田间试验，以不灌水不追肥处理（CK1）和只灌水不追肥处理（CK2）为对照在花针期设置4个追肥量处理，研究了膜下滴灌追肥量对花生生长发育及产量的影响。花生主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数、叶片和茎秆干质量在各期均表现为随追肥量增加而显著提高，于每公顷施尿素261 kg、硼砂30 kg、硝酸钙221 kg时，达到最大值，且显著高于不追肥处理，而花生总果针和入土果针数、荚果数和干质量、荚果产量、单株结果数、百果质量和百仁质量、出仁率则随追肥量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，于每公顷施尿素131 kg、硼砂15 kg、硝酸钙132 kg时，达到最大值，之后随追肥量的增加反而呈下降趋势，2017年T2（追施纯氮硼砂氧化钙各60，15，45 kg/hm²）产量较CK1和CK2分别提高48.53%，46.00%，2018年T2产量较CK1和CK2分别提高38.20%，34.76%。各追肥处理下花生茎叶生长显著高于不追肥处理，促进地上部生长效果明显，但果针和荚果的生长随追肥量增加呈先增后降的趋势，因此适量追肥既可以促进花生营养生长又可促进生殖生长，从而提高花生产量，但追肥量过多易引起花生营养生长过度，抑制生殖生长，造成花生营养生长和生殖生长不协调，从而降低产量。综上，适宜的追施量为公顷施纯氮60 kg、硼砂15 kg、氧化钙45 kg。

关键词: 花生, 膜下滴灌, 花针期, 追肥量, 生长发育, 产量

Abstract: In order to determining the optimum amount of topdressing for the growth of peanut can provide theoretical basis for high yield and efficient fertilization of peanut. In this study, the high-yield peanut variety Qinghua 7 was used as the material, in 2017-2018 for two consecutive years field experiment used technology of water and fertilizer, with no irrigation fertilizer treatment (CK1) and irrigation fertilizer not only (CK2) for comparison in the fancy stitch issue four fertilizer quantity processing, the effects of different top-dressing amount were studied under mulch drip irrigation on the growth and yield of peanut. The main stem height, lateral stem length, branching numbers, leaf and stem dry weight showed significantly increasing with the increase of topdressing in each stage, and reaching the maximum under 261 kg urea, 30 kg borax, and 221 kg calcium nitrate per hectare, and significantly higher than the treatment without topdressing. However, the number of total needles and underground needles, pods and dry weight increased gradually with the increase of topdressing, and reaching the maximum under 131 kg urea, 15 kg borax, and 132 kg calcium nitrate per hectare, then showed a downward trend with the increase of fertilizer. The stem and leaf growth of peanut under each fertilizer application treatment was significantly higher than that under no fertilizer application treatment, and the aboveground growth was significantly promoted. However, the growth of fruit needle and pod increased first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application amount, so proper amount of topdressing could not only promote the nutritional growth of peanut but also promote the reproductive growth, so as to increase the yield of peanut. However, excessive amount of topdressing could easily cause the excessive nutritional growth of peanut, which inhibit the reproductive growth, and cause the incoordination between the nutritional growth and reproductive growth of peanut, thus reducing the yield. The suitable amount of top dressing was 60 kg/ha of pure nitrogen, 15 kg/ha of borax and 45 kg/ha of calcium oxide per hectare.

Key words: Peanut, Under film-mulched drip irrigation, Flower-pegging stage, Topdressing amount, Growth and development, Yield

中图分类号:

S143
S565.2

刘兆娜, 田树飞, 郭润泽, 张晓军, 司彤, 王月福, 邹晓霞. 膜下滴灌追肥量对花生生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1): 242-249. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190425.

LIU Zhaona, TIAN Shufei, GUO Runze, ZHANG Xiaojun, SI Tong, WANG Yuefu, ZHOU Xiaoxia. Effect of Topdressing Amount on the Growth and Yield of Peanut Under Film-mulched Drip Irrigation[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(S1): 242-249. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190425.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/IS1/242

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