摘要： 为了确立河西走廊干旱半干旱绿洲农业马铃薯科学种植的最佳灌溉策略,通过大田试验研究了调亏灌溉对绿洲膜下滴灌马铃薯全生育期不同器官生物量分配、产量和水分利用的影响。根据马铃薯不同生育期进行不同程度的水分调亏设5个水分调亏处理和1个对照,分别为块茎形成期轻度(55%～65%田间持水量,FC,Field capacity)水分调亏处理WD1,块茎膨大期轻度(55%～65%FC)水分调亏处理WD2,淀粉积累期轻度(55%～65%FC)调亏处理WD3,块茎形成期中度(45%～55%FC)调亏处理WD4,膨大期中度(45%～55%FC)水分调亏处理WD5及全生育期充分(65%～75%)供水对照CK。研究结果表明:不同生育期水分调亏均可导致马铃薯茎、叶干质量降低,块茎干质量在整个生育期呈逐步上升趋势,块茎形成期调亏处理复水后各器官干质量明显增大,块茎膨大期调亏处理复水后块茎干质量增长缓慢,茎和叶干质量开始下降。块茎形成期轻度水分调亏和中度水分调亏对马铃薯产量影响较小,而块茎膨大期水分调亏对马铃薯薯块产量影响较大,调亏程度越大,减产越严重。马铃薯不同生育期水分调亏对阶段耗水量影响较大,调亏程度越大,耗水量较充分灌溉差异越显著(P<0.05)。块茎形成期轻度调亏处理(WD1)水分利用效率最高,比全生育期充分供水处理(CK)、淀粉积累期轻度调亏处理(WD3)和块茎膨大期中度调亏处理(WD5)分别提高14.3%,30.00%,38.00%。因此,马铃薯膜下滴灌调亏可影响各器官干物质质量,有利于水分利用效率的提高。且相较于全生育期充分供水处理CK,块茎形成期轻度调亏在产量略有降低(降低5.30%)的情况下能够显著性提高水分利用效率(提高14.3%)和灌溉水分利用效率(提高18.51%)。

关键词: 绿洲马铃薯, 调亏灌溉, 膜下滴灌, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: In order to establish the optimal irrigation strategy for hexi corridor oasis in arid and semi-arid agriculture planting potato,through the field experiment,the influence of water regulated deficit irrigation (WDR) on the dry matter weight of different potato organs,product yield,and water use efficiency (WUE).According to the different growth stages at different water deficit levels of potato,the experiment was composed of five water deficit regulation treatments and one control CK treatment,low water deficit treatment WD1,WD2 and WD3 in tuber initiation stage,tuber bulking stage and in starch accumulation stage (soil moisture content was maintaining at 55% to 65% of field capacity,FC,Field capacity),medium water deficit treatment WD4 and WD5 in tuber initiation stage and tuber bulking stage (soil moisture content was maintaining at 45% to 55% of FC),fully irrigated treatment CK during growth stages of potato (soil moisture content was maintaing at 65% to 75% of FC).The experiment result illustrates that water deficit in different growth periods can lead to the decreasing of the quality of dry matter existing in potato stem and leave,but could be increasing in potato tuber in whole growth periods gradually.The mild and moderate regulated deficit irrigation during the formative period of potato tuber both had less influence than the moderate regulated deficit irrigation during the expanding period on the yield of potato.The more serious deficit irrigation degree,the greater the decline in yield.The water deficit of potato had a great affection on water consumption in different periods,the greater degree the deficit irrigation had,the more significant difference between water consumption and full irrigation plots(CK).The highest water use efficiency (WUE) was maintained in low WDR potato during tuber initiation,significantly improved by 24.05%,19.39%,8.31% than that in medium WDR plots during tuber bulking,low WDR plots during potato starch accumulation and CK respectively.Therefore,potato membrane under drip deficit irrigation could affect the quality of dry matter of different organs,beneficial to the improvement of the water use efficiency.And compared with the whole growth period sufficient water treatment CK,tuber formation mild deficit irrigation at yield under the condition of slightly lower (5.31% reduction) could significantly improve the water use efficiency (14.3%) and irrigation water use efficiency (18.5%).

Key words: Oasis potato, Water deficit, Mulched drip irrigation, Yield, Water use efficiency

中图分类号: 

• S152.7

• S275.6