薄皮甜瓜果实形状相关性状主基因+多基因遗传分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195296

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究薄皮甜瓜果形的遗传机制,以薄皮甜瓜细长形自交系M125和近圆形自交系M30为亲本构建六世代遗传群体,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析法对果实纵径、横径及果形指数的遗传规律进行分析。结果显示,2021-2023年甜瓜果实纵径与果形指数具有极显著正相关性且相关系数较高。3个年份甜瓜果实纵径、横径和果形指数最适遗传模型均为MX2-ADI-ADI,即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因。控制果实纵径、横径和果形指数的2对主基因加性效应值在3个年份间相等且为正值(d_a=d_b>0),具有增效作用。2021,2023年控制果实纵径的第1对主基因显性效应值的绝对值显著高于第2对主基因,而2022年第2对主基因显性效应值略高于第1对主基因;控制果实横径的2对主基因显性效应值在不同年份差异较小且均为负值,表明主基因显性效应均对果实横径起负向作用;控制果形指数的第1对主基因显性效应值的绝对值大于第2对主基因,说明第1对主基因在显性效应中起主导作用。3个年份中果实纵径主基因在F₂分离世代的遗传率分别为81.51%,72.16%,80.77%;横径主基因在F₂分离世代的遗传率分别为77.88%,69.94%,65.90%;果形指数主基因在F₂分离世代的遗传率分别为80.41%,70.81%,82.49%。薄皮甜瓜3个果形性状的遗传表现为数量性状的遗传特征,F₂主基因遗传率较高,因此,对薄皮甜瓜果形相关性状宜在早期世代进行选择。

关键词: 薄皮甜瓜, 果形相关性状, 主基因+多基因, 遗传分析

Abstract:

The study aimed to explore the genetic mechanism of fruit shape in oriental melon.The parents,M125(Elongate)and M30(Near round),were used to build the six generation populations,and the genetic patterns of fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,and shape index were studied using the method of main gene+multiple gene generation analysis.The results showed that significant positive correlation between fruit longitudinal diameter and shape index,and the correlation values were high in 2021-2023.In three years,the genetic models of fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,and shape index were MX2-ADI-ADI,two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic master genes+additive-dominant-epistatic polygenes.In the first-order genetic parameters,the additive effect values of the two main genes controlling the fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,and shape index were equal and positive in the three years(d_a=d_b>0),and it had a synergistic effect.The absolute value of the dominant effect of the first pair of major genes controlling fruit longitudinal diameter in 2021 and 2023 was significantly higher than that of the second pair of major genes,while the dominant effect of the second major gene was slightly higher than that of the first pair of major gene in 2022.The additive effects of the two pairs of major genes controlling fruit transverse diameter showed little variation across different years and were all negative,indicating that the dominant effects of the major genes had a negative impact on fruit diameter.The absolute value of the dominant effect of the first pair of major genes controlling fruit shape index was greater than that of the second pair of major genes,indicating that the first pair of major genes played a leading role in the dominant effects.The second-order genetic parameters showed that in the F₂,from 2021 to 2023,the heritability of main genes for fruit longitudinal diameter was 81.51%,72.16%,80.77%,respectively.The heritability of major genes for transverse diameter was 77.88%,69.94%,65.90%,respectively.The heritability of main genes for fruit shape index was 80.41%,70.81%,82.49%,respectively.The inheritance of the three fruit shape traits in Oriental melon is quantitative traits,and the heritability of major genes in F₂ generation was high.Therefore,the three fruit shape traits were selected in early generations during the oriental melon breeding.

Key words: Oriental melon, Fruit shape-related traits, Major gene+polygene, Genetic analysis

中图分类号:

S652.2

陈英达, 贾伟嵘, 孙浩, 潘玉朋, 张丽娟, 徐蒙, 刘振宁, 张宁. 薄皮甜瓜果实形状相关性状主基因+多基因遗传分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(S1): 29-39. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195296.

CHEN Yingda, JIA Weirong, SUN Hao, PAN Yupeng, ZHANG Lijuan, XU Meng, LIU Zhenning, ZHANG Ning. Mixed Major Gene+Polygene Genetic Analysis of Fruit Shape-related Traits in Oriental Melon[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 29-39. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195296.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/IS1/29

图/表 11

参考文献 31

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年份 Year	世代 Generation	纵径 Longitudinal diameter			横径 Transverse diameter			果形指数 Fruit shape index
年份 Year	世代 Generation	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV
2021	P₁	52.44	3.94	7.51	4.79	0.44	9.19	11.00	0.86	7.82
	P₂	3.45	0.20	5.80	2.70	0.12	4.44	1.28	0.10	7.81
	F₁	13.43	0.45	3.35	3.48	0.19	5.46	3.86	0.18	4.66
2022	P₁	45.71	5.16	11.29	4.53	0.70	15.45	10.29	1.73	16.81
	P₂	3.55	0.45	12.68	2.40	0.18	7.50	1.48	0.17	11.49
	F₁	11.53	0.86	7.46	3.60	0.19	5.28	3.21	0.25	7.79
2023	P₁	53.57	5.60	10.45	5.05	0.75	14.85	10.77	1.56	14.48
	P₂	3.85	0.27	7.01	2.26	0.18	7.96	1.72	0.19	11.05
	F₁	12.74	0.77	6.04	3.61	0.23	6.37	3.54	0.24	6.78

年份 Year	世代 Generation	纵径 Longitudinal diameter			横径 Transverse diameter			果形指数 Fruit shape index
年份 Year	世代 Generation	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV	均值/cm Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV
2021	P₁	52.44	3.94	7.51	4.79	0.44	9.19	11.00	0.86	7.82
	P₂	3.45	0.20	5.80	2.70	0.12	4.44	1.28	0.10	7.81
	F₁	13.43	0.45	3.35	3.48	0.19	5.46	3.86	0.18	4.66
2022	P₁	45.71	5.16	11.29	4.53	0.70	15.45	10.29	1.73	16.81
	P₂	3.55	0.45	12.68	2.40	0.18	7.50	1.48	0.17	11.49
	F₁	11.53	0.86	7.46	3.60	0.19	5.28	3.21	0.25	7.79
2023	P₁	53.57	5.60	10.45	5.05	0.75	14.85	10.77	1.56	14.48
	P₂	3.85	0.27	7.01	2.26	0.18	7.96	1.72	0.19	11.05
	F₁	12.74	0.77	6.04	3.61	0.23	6.37	3.54	0.24	6.78

年份 Year	性状 Traits	世代 Generation	最大值/cm Maximum	最小值/cm Minimum	标准差 s	均值/cm Mean	变异系数/% CV	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
2021	纵径	F₂	24.60	5.37	3.80	12.24	31.05	0.63	-0.07
		B₁	49.00	21.87	6.06	33.16	18.28	0.53	0.17
		B₂	9.21	3.89	1.19	6.52	18.25	-0.07	-0.06
	横径	F₂	5.42	2.34	0.57	3.77	15.12	0.34	0.65
		B₁	6.34	2.74	0.73	4.10	17.80	1.36	2.63
		B₂	4.44	2.85	0.37	3.45	10.72	0.51	0.00
	果形指数	F₂	6.18	1.81	0.93	3.26	28.53	0.68	-0.13
		B₁	11.55	4.45	1.65	8.22	20.07	0.33	-0.27
		B₂	2.46	1.17	0.29	1.89	15.34	-0.36	0.02
2022	纵径	F₂	20.06	2.85	4.14	11.49	36.03	0.50	-1.08
		B₁	48.50	21.37	5.81	32.48	17.89	0.45	0.22
		B₂	9.51	4.24	1.24	6.86	18.08	-0.03	-0.40
	横径	F₂	5.08	1.80	0.64	3.52	18.18	0.12	0.35
		B₁	8.24	2.43	1.14	4.34	26.27	1.69	3.44
		B₂	3.99	2.67	0.34	3.25	10.46	0.43	-0.24
	果形指数	F₂	5.90	1.28	1.16	3.30	35.15	0.50	-1.19
		B₁	11.25	4.05	1.99	7.84	25.38	-0.12	-0.80
		B₂	2.59	1.37	0.29	2.11	13.74	-0.42	0.01
2023	纵径	F₂	28.28	5.01	5.24	11.96	43.81	1.00	0.05
		B₁	49.00	9.63	9.72	25.76	37.73	0.49	-0.29
		B₂	13.97	3.72	1.66	6.93	23.95	1.07	3.77
	横径	F₂	5.57	1.97	0.66	3.44	19.19	0.95	1.59
		B₁	8.09	2.31	1.28	4.25	30.12	1.04	0.76
		B₂	3.88	2.57	0.31	3.26	9.51	-0.40	-0.04
	果形指数	F₂	7.57	1.79	1.50	3.52	42.61	0.98	-0.26
		B₁	12.61	2.09	2.78	6.53	42.57	0.19	-0.57
		B₂	3.70	1.45	0.41	2.12	19.34	1.07	2.23

年份 Year	性状 Traits	世代 Generation	最大值/cm Maximum	最小值/cm Minimum	标准差 s	均值/cm Mean	变异系数/% CV	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
2021	纵径	F₂	24.60	5.37	3.80	12.24	31.05	0.63	-0.07
		B₁	49.00	21.87	6.06	33.16	18.28	0.53	0.17
		B₂	9.21	3.89	1.19	6.52	18.25	-0.07	-0.06
	横径	F₂	5.42	2.34	0.57	3.77	15.12	0.34	0.65
		B₁	6.34	2.74	0.73	4.10	17.80	1.36	2.63
		B₂	4.44	2.85	0.37	3.45	10.72	0.51	0.00
	果形指数	F₂	6.18	1.81	0.93	3.26	28.53	0.68	-0.13
		B₁	11.55	4.45	1.65	8.22	20.07	0.33	-0.27
		B₂	2.46	1.17	0.29	1.89	15.34	-0.36	0.02
2022	纵径	F₂	20.06	2.85	4.14	11.49	36.03	0.50	-1.08
		B₁	48.50	21.37	5.81	32.48	17.89	0.45	0.22
		B₂	9.51	4.24	1.24	6.86	18.08	-0.03	-0.40
	横径	F₂	5.08	1.80	0.64	3.52	18.18	0.12	0.35
		B₁	8.24	2.43	1.14	4.34	26.27	1.69	3.44
		B₂	3.99	2.67	0.34	3.25	10.46	0.43	-0.24
	果形指数	F₂	5.90	1.28	1.16	3.30	35.15	0.50	-1.19
		B₁	11.25	4.05	1.99	7.84	25.38	-0.12	-0.80
		B₂	2.59	1.37	0.29	2.11	13.74	-0.42	0.01
2023	纵径	F₂	28.28	5.01	5.24	11.96	43.81	1.00	0.05
		B₁	49.00	9.63	9.72	25.76	37.73	0.49	-0.29
		B₂	13.97	3.72	1.66	6.93	23.95	1.07	3.77
	横径	F₂	5.57	1.97	0.66	3.44	19.19	0.95	1.59
		B₁	8.09	2.31	1.28	4.25	30.12	1.04	0.76
		B₂	3.88	2.57	0.31	3.26	9.51	-0.40	-0.04
	果形指数	F₂	7.57	1.79	1.50	3.52	42.61	0.98	-0.26
		B₁	12.61	2.09	2.78	6.53	42.57	0.19	-0.57
		B₂	3.70	1.45	0.41	2.12	19.34	1.07	2.23

性状 Traits	2021			2022			2023
性状 Traits	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	横径 Transverse diameter	果形指数 Fruit shape index	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	横径 Transverse diameter	果形指数 Fruit shape index	纵径 Longitudinal diameter	横径 Transverse diameter	果实指数 Fruit shape index
纵径Longitudinal diameter	1.000	0.416^**	0.870^**	1.000	0.296^**	0.858^**	1.000	0.281^**	0.893^**
横径Transverse diameter		1.000	-0.069		1.000	-0.208^**		1.000	-0.146
果形指数Fruit shape index			1.000			1.000			1.000

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