摘要： 通过对高粱F₂群体农艺性状进行数量遗传分析，确定各性状的最适遗传模型并掌握其遗传规律，为田间选育遗传稳定的农艺性状提供参考。以粒用高粱品种忻粱52和美引-20的杂交F₂分离群体为试验材料，根据单个分离世代群体的遗传模型方法-主-多基因遗传分析模型对F₂世代6个数量性状进行遗传分析。结果表明，6个农艺性状中株高、穗柄长、主茎茎节数、平均茎节长符合遗传模型，受主效基因控制；而穗长和旗叶鞘长不存在主基因，受微效多基因遗传。株高符合Model B_1，受2对主基因控制，为加性-显性-上位性混合遗传模型，主基因遗传率为88.65%；穗柄长和主茎茎节数符合Model A_1，为受1对主基因控制的加性-显性混合遗传模型，遗传率分别为61.58%和68.94%；平均茎节长符合Model A_4，受1对主基因控制，符合负向完全显性遗传模型，主基因遗传率为49.24%。株高、穗柄长和主茎茎节数的主基因遗传率较高，说明这3个性状在后代遗传中受环境影响较小，遗传较稳定，可以在育种早代直接进行选择；而平均茎节长的遗传率较低，说明该性状在后代中遗传不稳定，受环境影响较大，需在育种高代进行选择。

关键词: 高粱, 农艺性状, 主-多基因遗传分析, 遗传率

Abstract: The quantitative genetic analysis of the agronomic traits of the sorghum F₂ population was carried out to determine the optimal genetic model of each trait and to master its genetic laws, which provided a reference for the agronomic traits in the field breeding genetic stability. F₂ populations derived from grain sorghum variety Xinliang 52 and Meiyin-20 were used as material, of which 6 agronomic traits were analyzed through major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model for quantitative traits. The results showed that among the six agronomic traits, the plant height, the length of the stalk, the number of main stems, and the average stem length were in accordance with the quantitative genetic model, which were controlled by major genes, while the spike length and flag sheath length were not controlled by major genes but inherited by micro genes. The plant height was well fit into Model B_1, i.e. The mixed genetic model of additivity-dominance-epistasis, which was controlled by two major genes, and the heritability of major genes was 88.65%; the ear handle length and main stem numbers was coincidence with the Model A_1, i.e. The additive-dominant hybrid genetic model for master-gene control, and the heritability rates were 61.58% and 68.94%, respectively; the average internode length was fit with Model A_4, i.e. The negative fully dominant genetic model, and the heritability rate was 49.24%. The genetic rate of the main gene of plant height, ear handle length and main stem numbers were higher than the other indices, indicating that the three traits were less affected by the environment in the inheritance of the offspring, the inheritance was relatively stable and could be directly selected in the early generation of breeding, while the heritability of the average internode length was lower, indicating that this trait was genetically unstable in the offspring, and was affected by the environment, which need to be selected in the high generation of breeding.

Key words: Sorghum bicolor, Agronomic traits, Major-multi-gene genetic analysis, Heritability

中图分类号: 

• S514.03