摘要： 株型性状的遗传分析对高粱育种的理论、方法和策略至关重要。通过对高粱株型性状的遗传规律和基因的作用方式进行分析，旨在为田间选择稳定遗传的优良株型性状提供理论基础。以粒用高粱引-20和忻梁52杂交所构建的F₂遗传群体为试验材料，利用植物数量性状主+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法，对高粱叶夹角、株高、穗长、平均茎节长度、叶长及叶宽6个株型性状进行遗传分析。结果表明，高粱叶夹角遗传符合B_1模型，即加性-显性-上位性的混合遗传模型，其主基因遗传率为70.15%；株高遗传符合B_2模型，即加性-显性混合遗传模型，主基因遗传率为74.26%；穗长遗传符合B_6模型，即等显性遗传模型，主基因遗传率为58.67%；平均茎节长度遗传符合A_1模型，即加性-显性的混合遗传模型，主基因遗传率为68.69%；叶长遗传符合B_1模型，即加性-显性-上位性的混合遗传模型，主基因遗传率为47.92%；叶宽遗传符合B_6模型，即等显性遗传模型，主基因遗传率为61.60%。叶夹角和株高是构成高粱株型的主要性状，并具有较高的遗传力，在早期时进行选择，容易获得具有理想株型的育种材料。

关键词: 高粱, 株型性状, 主-多基因遗传分析, 主基因遗传率

Abstract: Genetic analysis of plant architecture traits is crucial to the theories,methods and strategies of Sorghum breeding.The aim of this study is to clarify the genetic rules of plant architecture traits and gene functioning,and to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of these traits in the field.F₂ populations derived from grain Sorghum elite lines Yin-20 and XL52 were characterized 6 plant architecture traits including leaf angle,plant height,panicle length,average internode length,leaf length and leaf width,and genetic analysis was conducted using major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model for quantitative traits.The results showed that the inheritance of Sorghum leaf angle well fit into B_1 model,i.e.the mixed genetic model of additivity-dominance-epistasis,and the heritability of major genes was 70.15%;while plant height with the B_2 model,i.e.additivity-dominance,74.26%;panicle length with codominance B_6 model,58.67%;average internode length with A_1 model,i.e.additivity-dominance,68.69%;leaf length with B_1 model,47.92%;leaf width with B_6 model,i.e.complete dominance,61.60%.Among these traits,the leaf angle and plant height regarding as the main factors contributing to plant architecture showed high heritability,selection in early generation,easier to obtain ideal materials.

Key words: Sorghum, Plant architecture traits, Genetic analysis of major gene and polygene, Major genes heritability

中图分类号: 

• S514.03