摘要： 为了明确不同施肥处理下甜高粱不同生育期光合特性的变化规律及最佳施肥方式，采用大田试验，研究了CK、NK、NP、PK、NPK、M（有机肥）、NPKM、1.5NPKM等8个不同施肥处理新高粱3号不同生育阶段的叶片气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、净光合速率（Pn）、叶绿素（SPAD值）以及水分利用效率（WUE）的变化规律及其对产量的影响。结果表明，不同施肥处理下高粱叶片的Pn、Gs、WUE和SPAD值在不同生育阶段的变化，呈先升高后降低的趋势，灌浆期达到峰值。Tr与Ci从开花期-成熟期的变化呈先降低后升高的趋势，在灌浆期为最低值。同一生育阶段不同施肥处理的光合特性有差异，叶片光合特性受施肥处理的影响。NPKM施肥处理成熟期的Tr、Gs、Ci值均比其他处理高，分别为3.64 mmol/（m²·s），328 mmol/（m²·s），439 μmol/mol。相关性分析表明，开花期NPKM处理的Pn与Tr、WUE呈显著正相关，NPK处理的Pn与Gs、Ci呈正相关。所有施肥处理的生物产量显著高于CK，其中NPKM处理生物产量达到94.81 t/hm²，NPKM生物产量比CK、M、1.5NPKM、NK、PK、NPK、NP分别增加97.95%，26.65%，20.24%，19.57%，15.16%，14.98%，11.74%。施肥影响新高粱3号叶片的光合参数并且有利于产量的增加，因此，利用高光效育种来提高生物产量是可行的。使用不同施肥方式来缓解甜高粱连作障碍的过程中应当注重采取不同的肥料配比。综合来看，有机肥、无机肥混合施用（NPKM）可改善光合条件，使产量达到最大值，因此，初步确认NPKM处理是促进干旱区连作高粱生长发育的最佳施肥模式。

关键词: 甜高粱, 施肥, 生育阶段, 光合参数, 产量

Abstract: In order to clarify the change rule of photosynthetic characteristics and the best fertilization method in different growth stages of sweet sorghum under different fertilization treatments, the field experiment was conducted to study the stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll (SPAD), water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of New Sorghum No.3 under 8 different fertilization treatments, including CK, NK, NP, PK, NPK, M (organic fertilizer), NPKM and 1.5NPKM.The results showed that the changes of Pn, Gs, WUE and SPAD value in sorghum leaves under different fertilization treatments were the same at different growth stages, showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and peaking at grain filling stage. The variation trend of Tr and Ci from flowering stage to maturity stage decreased first and then increased, and reached the lowest value in grain filling stage. At the same growth stage, the photosynthetic characteristics of different fertilization treatments were different, and the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were affected by fertilization treatments. The Tr, Gs and Ci values of NPKM fertilization treatment at maturity stage were higher than those of other treatments, which were 3.64 mmol/(m²·s),328 mmol/(m²·s),439 μmol/mol, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that Pn of NPKM treatment at flowering stage was significant positively correlated with Tr and WUE, while Pn of NPK treatment was positively correlated with Gs and Ci. The biological yield of all fertilization treatments was significantly higher than CK, among them the biological yield of NPKM treatment reached 94.81 t/ha. The biological yield of NPKM increased 97.95%, 26.65%, 20.24%, 19.57%, 15.16%,14.98% and 11.74% respectively compared with CK, M, 1.5 NPKM, NK, PK, NPK and NP. Fertilization affects the photosynthetic parameters of the leaves of New Sorghum No.3 and was conducive to increasing yield. Therefore, it is feasible to use high photosynthetic efficiency breeding to improve biological yield. In order to alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping of sweet sorghum, different proportion of fertilizer should be adopted. In a word, NPKM is the best fertilization mode to improve photosynthetic conditions and maximize yield, so it is preliminarily confirmed that NPKM is the best fertilization mode to promote the growth and development of continuous cropping sorghum in arid area.

Key words: Sweet sorghum, Fertilization, Growth stage, Photosynthetic parameters, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S514.01