控释氮肥不同运筹方式对油菜生长发育及产量的调控效应

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.03.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为简化油菜施肥方式，提高肥料利用效率，以油菜品种丰油10号为材料，采用田间试验研究了控释氮肥不同运筹方式对油菜生长发育、干物质积累、农艺经济性状和产量的影响。结果表明，与不施氮处理相比，施氮处理可显著增加油菜苗期绿叶数、苗高、单株干物质积累量和根冠比。植株干物质积累总量随着生育进程的推进呈现递增趋势，到成熟期达最大值；开花期-角果期是油菜干物质积累速率的高峰期，平均积累速率以分2次施用的CN5处理最高，为861.25 kg/（hm²·d）。叶绿素含量随着生育进程的推进各处理间差异逐渐增大，开花期达到显著水平。施氮量210 kg/hm²的处理产量均较高，且控释氮肥一次性基施（CN4处理）或分2次施用（CN5处理）均比普通氮肥分多次施用（N1处理）的油菜产量高，但CN4、CN5处理间产量差异不显著，分别比对照显著增产20.36%和22.39%，比N1处理增产2.16%和3.89%，单株角果数分别比对照显著增加94.4%和86.3%。黄淮区域油菜生产上可推行控释氮肥施用量210 kg/hm²且采用一次性全量基施施肥方式，轻简高效，更有利于油菜高产、稳产。

关键词: 油菜, 缓/控释氮肥, 干物质积累, 经济性状, 产量

Abstract: In order to simplify fertilization methods and improve fertilizer use efficiency,a field experiment was conducted. The effects of controlled release N fertilizer on growth,development,dry matter accumulation,agronomic and economic characters and yield of Fengyou 10 were studied under field conditions. The results showed that compared with treatment N0,the different N fertilizer treatments could significantly increase green leaf number,seedling height,dry matter accumulation per plant and root shoot ratio at seedling stage. The total amount of dry matter accumulation increased with the progress of the growth process,and reached the maximum value at maturity. Dry matter accumulation rate of Fengyou 10 reached the peak during flowering stage to pod period,and the average accumulation rate of CN5 treatment was the highest,861.25 kg/(ha·d). The difference of chlorophyll spad reading increased gradually with the growth process among different treatments,and it reached a significant level at the flowering stage. At the same nitrogen rate of 210 kg/ha,the yield of the three treatments(CN5,CN4 and N1)were all high,when controlled release nitrogen fertilizer was applied either once(CN4)or two times(CN5),the yields were higher than conventional fertilization(N1). The difference of yield was not significant between CN4 and CN5 treatments, and yields were significantly higher respectively(with 20.36% and 22.39% increase)than control,and increased by 2.16% and 3.89% compared with N1. And there were significant increase of effective pod number than control with 94.4% and 86.3% respectively. This study proved that controlled release nitrogen fertilizer rate of 210 kg/ha and single basal application could benefit the rapeseed yield and simple and efficient in Huang-huai Area.

Key words: Rapeseed, Controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, Dry matter accumulation, Economic characters, Yield

中图分类号:

S143.1

曹金华, 张书芬, 朱家成, 王建平, 文雁成, 何俊平, 蔡东芳, 赵磊, 王东国. 控释氮肥不同运筹方式对油菜生长发育及产量的调控效应[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(3): 210-217. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.03.031.

CAO Jinhua, ZHANG Shufen, ZHU Jiacheng, WANG Jianping, WEN Yancheng, HE Junping, CAI Dongfang, ZHAO Lei, WANG Dongguo. Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Mode on Growth,Development,Yield of Rapeseed Hybrids[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2018, 33(3): 210-217. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.03.031.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2018/V33/I3/210

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