摘要： 为了研究不同氮肥用量（0，120，240 kg/hm²）和花后弱光（不遮光和遮去自然光照的60%）对冬小麦植株各营养器官干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响，在大田条件下，以济麦22和济核916为试验材料进行研究。结果表明：施氮提高了2个小麦品种总干质量与干物质转运总量，而相同施氮量条件下遮光降低小麦总干质量和干物质转运总量；遮光与不遮光条件下，2个小麦品种总干物质积累最适施氮量均为120 kg/hm²，施氮提高了2个小麦品种茎、叶和鞘中氮素积累量，并可显著提高济核916在遮光与不遮光条件下氮素积累总量，而相同施氮量为120，240 kg/hm²条件下，遮光降低2个小麦品种氮素积累总量；施氮显著提高济核916在遮光与不遮光条件下氮素转运总量，而在相同施氮量为120，240 kg/hm²条件下遮光降低济麦22氮素转运总量，提高其氮素转运总量。施氮对小麦干物质积累与转运在正常光照和弱光条件下影响不显著，但显著提高遮光条件下济麦22氮素转运总量；施氮主要影响2个小麦品种成穗数而显著提高小麦产量，遮光主要降低2个小麦品种穗粒数和千粒质量进而导致产量显著降低，但在遮光条件下，不同施氮量均能提高小麦产量，说明施氮能在一定程度上缓解遮光对小麦产量的影响；遮光和施氮均能显著提高2个小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量。

关键词: 施氮量, 遮光, 冬小麦, 干物质, 氮素

Abstract: To study the effect of different nitrogen application (0,120,240 kg/ha) under different shading treatments (no shading,and 60% shading of sunlight) on the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen of winter wheat. Under the condition of field,we studied the effect with Jimai 22 and Jihe 916 as the experimental materials. The results showed that nitrogen application increased total dry weight and total transport amount of dry matter of the two wheat cultivars,while shading reduced total dry weight and total dry matter transport in wheat under the same amount of nitrogen application. Under the condition of no shading,the optimum nitrogen application rate of total dry matter accumulation was 120 kg/ha,but under shading condition,the optimum nitrogen application rate of total dry matter accumulation was 120 kg/ha. Nitrogen application increased nitrogen accumulation in stems,leaves and sheaths of two wheat cultivars,and increased total nitrogen accumulation significantly. However,under the same nitrogen application rate of 120,240 kg/ha,shading decreased the total nitrogen accumulation. Nitrogen application significantly increased the total nitrogen transport of Jihe 916. However,under the condition of nitrogen application of 120,240 kg/ha,shading significantly decreased the total nitrogen accumulation of Jimai 22 and increased the total nitrogen transport amount of it. The effect of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and transport of wheat was not significant under normal light and weak light conditions,but it significantly increased the total amount of nitrogen transport of Jimai 22 under the light shading condition. Nitrogen application mainly affected the number spike of the two wheat cultivars and increased the yield,while,shading mainly reduced grain of every spike and 1000-grain weight of the two wheat cultivars,which led to a significant decrease in yield. However,under the light shading condition,the yield of wheat could be increased by different nitrogen application,indicating that nitrogen application could alleviate the effect of shading on wheat yield to a certain extent. Both light shading and nitrogen application could significantly increase the grain protein content.

Key words: Nitrogen application, Shading, Winter wheat, Dry matter, Nitrogen

中图分类号: 

• S143.1