华北农学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 178-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751359

所属专题: 小麦 土壤肥料

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

复合菌肥部分替代化肥对冬小麦氮素吸收的影响

刘宇辉1,2, 田秀平1, 张晴雯2, 张爱平2, 刘杏认2, 杨正礼2   

  1. 1. 天津农学院 农学与资源环境学院, 天津 300384;
    2. 中国农业科学院 农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-28 出版日期:2019-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 田秀平(1965-),女,山东泰安人,教授,博士,主要从事土壤和植物营养与环境的教学和科研工作;张晴雯(1975-),女,宁夏中宁人,研究员,博士,主要从事非点源污染机制与控制研究。
  • 作者简介:刘宇辉(1994-),男,陕西宝鸡人,在读硕士,主要从事菌肥与农田氮素管理研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07203-007)

Nitrogen Absorption of Winter Wheat Influenced by Combined Biofertilizer Replace Chemical Fertilizer

LIU Yuhui1,2, TIAN Xiuping1, ZHANG Qingwen2, ZHANG Aiping2, LIU Xingren2, YANG Zhengli2   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture & Resource & Environment, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin 300384, China;
    2. Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-12-28 Published:2019-04-28

摘要: 为削减农业源污染负荷,通过不同菌肥配施下化肥不同程度减量或与有机肥结合大田试验,设置5个处理:CK(N为200 kg/hm2,P2O5为120 kg/hm2)、B1N2P2(菌肥1为7.5 kg/hm2,N、P2O5比CK分别减量25%)、B1ON1P1(菌肥1为7.5 kg/hm2,有机肥为3 t/hm2,N、P2O5比CK分别减量50%)、B2N2P2(菌肥2为7.5 kg/hm2,N、P2O5比CK分别减量25%)、B2ON1P1(菌肥2为7.5 kg/hm2,有机肥为3 t/hm2,N、P2O5比CK分别减量50%),研究了复合菌肥配施下山东滨州冬小麦地上吸氮量和吸氮速率及产量和氮素利用率的变化特征。结果表明:施用菌肥能增加拔节、灌浆和成熟期冬小麦地上吸氮量,菌肥配施下化肥减量25%能提高拔节和灌浆期地上吸氮速率和叶片SPAD值,并提高冬小麦的产量和氮素籽粒分配比例;B2N2P2的氮素吸收效率显著高于菌肥1和CK,收获时B2N2P2的地上吸氮量、籽粒吸氮量和产量均最高。由此可见,与CK相比,菌肥配施下化肥减量25%能促进冬小麦吸氮并提高氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数和氮肥偏生产力。

关键词: 冬小麦, 复合菌肥, 氮素利用率, 地上吸氮量, 吸氮速率

Abstract: Compound biofertilizers has been identified as an alternative to chemical fertilizer for increasing the soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming. Nitrogen plays a vital role in the growth and yield of winter wheat, and is one of the main nutrients for water pollution. The use of biofertilizer can not only increase the plant biomass but also improve the total plant N assimilation. To reduce the agricultural source pollution load, a field experiment with five treatments was conducted by reducing the application of chemical fertilizer, and combined with biofertilizers or organic fertilizer to study the overground nitrogen uptake and utilization, and the grain yield of winter wheat in Binzhou, Shandong Province. The five treatments were:CK (N 200 kg/ha, P2O5 120 kg/ha, full dose), B1N2P2 (biofertilizer 1 7.5 kg/ha, N and P2O5 75% of the full dose), B1ON1P1 (biofertilizer 1 7.5 kg/ha, organic fertilizer 3 t/ha, N and P2O5 50% of the full dose), B2N2P2 (biofertilizer 2 7.5 kg/ha, N and P2O5 75% of the full dose); and B2ON1P1 (biofertilizer 2 7.5 kg/ha, organic fertilizer 3 t/ha, N and P2O5 50% of the full dose). The results showed that the application of biofertilizers could increase the overground nitrogen uptake amount of winter wheat at jointing and filling and maturing stages. The use of biofertilizers plus 25% reduction of chemical fertilizer could increase the overground nitrogen uptake rate and leaf SPAD value at jointing and filling stages, and also raise the yield and the rate of nitrogen allocation to grain. The nitrogen uptake efficiency of B2N2P2 was higher than those of biofertilizer 1 and CK. In the harvest time, B2N2P2 had the highest overground nitrogen uptake amount, grain nitrogen uptake amount and yield. In conclusion, the application of biofertilizers plus 25% reduction of chemical fertilizers could promote the nitrogen uptake, and increase the nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of winter wheat, compared with CK.

Key words: Winter wheat, Compound biofertilizer, Nitrogen use efficiency, Overground N uptake amount, N uptake rate

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引用本文

刘宇辉, 田秀平, 张晴雯, 张爱平, 刘杏认, 杨正礼. 复合菌肥部分替代化肥对冬小麦氮素吸收的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(2): 178-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751359.

LIU Yuhui, TIAN Xiuping, ZHANG Qingwen, ZHANG Aiping, LIU Xingren, YANG Zhengli. Nitrogen Absorption of Winter Wheat Influenced by Combined Biofertilizer Replace Chemical Fertilizer[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(2): 178-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751359.

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