摘要： 为探究日光温室蔬菜基质栽培氮肥在栽培基质中运移和累积规律及其在辣椒植株各器官中吸收和分配特性。以辣椒（品种：陇椒10号）为试验材料，利用K¹⁵NO₃同位素示踪法，将K¹⁵NO₃分别标记于栽培基质剖面向下5~10 cm和15~20 cm深处，并设2个灌水下限60%（W60）和80%（W80），研究了日光温室基质栽培辣椒的生物量、辣椒各器官对氮素吸收与分配及栽培基质中氮素的运移规律。结果表明，60%灌水下限条件下较80%灌水下限显著增加了辣椒植株总生物量和氮的吸收量。在空间分布上，¹⁵N标记施肥深度越深，则辣椒植株对¹⁵N利用率下降；同时，¹⁵N在基质层（0~20 cm）中的累积量也明显下降，损失量显著增加。其中60%灌水下限条件下基质中¹⁵N的损失量少于80%灌水条件，且¹⁵N在5~10 cm处的损失量较少，此时，减小了基质层15~20 cm处¹⁵N的向下迁移量，并增加了60%灌水下限条件下辣椒植株各器官对全氮的吸收利用率。因此，W60F5处理可以提高辣椒植株的总生物量和氮肥的吸收量，减弱基质深层氮素向下运移量，有利于辣椒植株更好地吸收与利用，且辣椒植株各器官生物积累量与氮肥吸收量依次为叶 > 果 > 茎。

关键词: 辣椒, ¹⁵N同位素示踪技术, 氮素分配, 基质运移

Abstract: In order to explore the migration and accumulation of nitrogen fertilizer in the culture substrate of the greenhouse, and its absorption and distribution characteristics in various organs of pepper plants. Pepper (variety:Longjiao No.10) was used as the test material, and K¹⁵NO₃ was used to mark K¹⁵NO₃ in the depth of 5-10 cm and 15-20 cm, and set the lower limit of 60% (W60) and 80% (W80). The biomass of pepper grown in the greenhouse and the absorption and distribution of nitrogen in various organs of pepper and the migration of nitrogen in the culture substrate were studied. The results showed that the 60% minimum irrigation limit significantly increased the total biomass and nitrogen uptake of pepper plants. In the spatial distribution, the deeper the ¹⁵N mark fertilization depth, the lower the utilization rate of the pepper plant to ¹⁵N. In spatial distribution, the deeper the ¹⁵N labeled fertilization depth, the lower the ¹⁵N utilization rate of pepper plants. Meanwhile, the accumulation of ¹⁵N in the basal layer (0-20 cm) also decreased significantly, increased the amount of loss significantly. Under 60% irrigation water limit, the loss of ¹⁵N in the matrix was less than that under 80% irrigation condition. At this point, the amount of ¹⁵N migration downward at 15-20 cm of the matrix layer was reduced, and the absorption and utilization of total nitrogen by various organs of pepper plants under the condition of 60% lower irrigation limit was increased. Therefore, W60F5 treatment could increase the total biomass and nitrogen uptake of pepper plants, and reduced the downward nitrogen transport of the matrix, which was beneficial to the better absorption and utilization of pepper plants. The bioaccumulation and nitrogen uptake of various organs of pepper plants were leaf > fruit > stem.

Key words: Pepper, ¹⁵N isotope tracing technique, Nitrogen distribution, Substrate migration

中图分类号: 

• S143.1