华北农学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 162-170. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201750963

所属专题: 水稻 抗旱节水

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种植方式增苗节氮对双季晚稻干物质积累及其分配特性的影响

唐志伟, 龙文飞, 戴炜, 傅志强   

  1. 湖南农业大学 农学院, 农业部华中地区作物栽培科学观测实验站, 湖南 长沙 410128
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-23 出版日期:2019-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 傅志强(1968-),男,湖南娄底人,教授,博士,主要从事多熟制种植模式优化与碳氮循环研究。
  • 作者简介:唐志伟(1996-),男,湖南永州人,在读硕士,主要从事水稻高效高产栽培研究。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省重点研发计划项目(2016NK2125);国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0301003)

Effect of Different Planting Methods for Increasing Seedlings to Save Nitrogen on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Late Rice of Double-cropping Rice

TANG Zhiwei, LONG Wenfei, DAI Wei, FU Zhiqiang   

  1. College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Central China Crop Cultivation Observatory and Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410128, China
  • Received:2018-11-23 Published:2019-04-28

摘要: 为了探讨"早水晚用"节水条件下不同水稻种植方式增苗节氮对双季晚稻产量的影响,于2016年在湖南省冷水滩区梯垄冲田进行了人工移栽、抛秧、机插秧的种植方式比较试验。结果表明,水稻不同阶段单株干物质积累量占整个生育期积累量比例大小排序为分蘖-抽穗期(43.99%~71.71%)、乳熟-成熟期(12.68%~28.17%)、播种-分蘖期(11.41%~25.36%)、抽穗-乳熟期(4.20%~11.01%);水稻单株干物质积累量与产量的相关性顺序为乳熟-成熟期(0.77)、分蘖-抽穗期(0.38)、抽穗-乳熟期(0.12)、播种-分蘖期(-0.18);不同处理单株茎鞘、叶片生物量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,在抽穗期左右达到最高,其生物量占单株总生物量的比例则呈逐渐降低的趋势,而穗部生物量所占比例均呈逐渐增加的趋势。水稻各生育期茎鞘生物量占总生物量的比例大小依次为分蘖盛期(51.04%~59.69%)、抽穗期(46.03%~50.68%)、乳熟期(31.82%~42.15%)、成熟期(20.97%~27.93%);水稻各生育期叶片生物量占总生物量的比例大小依次为分蘖盛期(40.31%~48.96%)、抽穗期(25.45%~28.53%)、乳熟期(17.05%~20.15%)、成熟期(11.93%~14.33%)。各处理均以分蘖-抽穗期干物质积累量最大、积累比例最高;以抽穗-乳熟期干物质积累量最小、积累比例最低。播种-分蘖期以晚稻免耕机插机收+增苗节氮模式积累比例最高;乳熟-成熟期以晚稻免耕人插人收+增苗节氮模式积累比例最高。

关键词: 水稻, 节水, 种植方式, 产量, 干物质积累, 分配

Abstract: The effect of different planting methods for increasing seedlings to save nitrogen on the yield of double cropping rice was explored under the mode of water-saving cultivation. In 2016, a comparative trial on planting methods of artificial transplanting, machine-transplanted seeding and seeding slinging were conducted in the Ladder ridge paddy area of Lengshuitan District, Hunan Province. The results showed that the proportion of dry matter accumulation per plant at different growth stages of rice was 43.99%-71.71% from tillering stage to heading stage, 12.68%-28.17% from milk ripening stage to mature stage, 11.41%-25.36% from sowing date to tillering stage, and 4.20%-11.01% from heading stage to milk ripening stage. The correlation coefficient between dry matter accumulation and yield per plant was 0.77 from milk ripening to maturity, 0.38 from tillering to heading, 0.12 from heading to ripening, and-0.18 from sowing to tillering period. The stem and sheath per plant, and the leaf biomass showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, reaching the highest value at the heading stage. The proportion of total biomass per plant showed a downward trend, and the proportion of panicle biomass increased gradually. The proportion of stem and sheath biomass to total biomass of rice at each growth stage was 51.04%-59.69% at tillering stage, 46.03%-50.68% at heading stage, 31.82%-42.15% at milk ripening stage, and 20.97%-27.93% at maturity stage. The ratio of leaf biomass to total biomass at each growth stage was 40.31%-48.96% at tillering stage, 25.45%-28.53% at heading stage, 17.05%-20.15% at milk ripening stage, and 11.93%-14.33% at mature stage. In all treatments, the amount and proportion of dry matter accumulation was highest from tillering to heading stage, and the lowest from heading to milking stage. From sowing to tillering stage, the ratio of dry matter accumulation was the highest in the model of late rice no-tillage machine transplanting and machine harvesting+increasing seedlings to save nitrogen. From milky to mature stage, the highest proportion of dry matter accumulation came from the mode of late rice no-tillage artificial transplanting and artificial harvesting+increasing seedlings to save nitrogen.

Key words: Rice, Water saving, Planting methods, Yield, Dry matter accumulation, Distribution

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引用本文

唐志伟, 龙文飞, 戴炜, 傅志强. 不同种植方式增苗节氮对双季晚稻干物质积累及其分配特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(2): 162-170. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201750963.

TANG Zhiwei, LONG Wenfei, DAI Wei, FU Zhiqiang. Effect of Different Planting Methods for Increasing Seedlings to Save Nitrogen on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution in Late Rice of Double-cropping Rice[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(2): 162-170. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201750963.

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