不同灌水模式对夏玉米产量和植株性状的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2017.S1.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了筛选限水灌溉条件下较优的灌溉集成模式，明确其高产的植株生长特点，2015-2016年在河北藁城采用密度×灌溉施肥方式×收获期三因子裂区试验，研究了2个密度条件下微喷灌和管灌2种集成节水模式对夏玉米产量和植株性状的影响。结果表明，微喷灌节水技术模式明显优于管灌模式，该模式少量多次的灌水施肥使玉米干物质积累量和产量较高，产量较管灌2年平均高3.4%~6.5%，并且收获期越晚玉米微喷灌模式的增产效应越明显；该模式较高的产量主要来自花后的光合物质积累量，而其生育后期茎叶物质运转率明显低于管灌。微喷灌模式少量多次灌溉施肥使玉米植株生长较快，随生育进程其展开叶位与管灌模式差距变大，导致其总叶片数较管灌多一片，株高、穗位高较管灌分别高13.6，14.8 cm；抽雄和吐丝的日期均提前1~2 d，籽粒灌浆期得到延长。微喷灌模式少量多次的施肥灌溉，明显增加了茎秆的强度和抗倒伏指数。因此得出微喷灌模式明显优于管灌模式。

关键词: 夏玉米, 微喷灌, 管灌, 产量

Abstract: The purposes of this study were to recommend optimization of the integrated mode of irrigation under limited water condition,and determined plant growth characteristics of high yield in optimization irrigation mode.A field experiment was carried out with split plot design(main plot of irrigation mode and subplot of density and harvest time) in Gaocheng of Hebei Province from 2015 to 2016 year to research the effects of two types of integrated water-saving irrigation modes on the yield and plant characteristics of summer maize under two density conditions.The results showed that the water-saving technology mode of micro sprinkler irrigation(Micro-irrigation) was superior to the pipe irrigation mode.For Micro-irrigation mode,the dry matter accumulation amount and yield of maize were higher than that of pipe irrigation because of its many times of fertilization and irrigation,and the yield of two years was 3.4%-6.5% higher than pipe irrigation,especially when harvest time was delayed the increasing yield effect for Micro-irrigation mode was more obvious.Micro irrigation mode had higher photosynthetic matter accumulation in after anthesis,while stem and leaf matter translocation rate was significantly lower than that of pipe irrigation.For Micro-irrigation mode,maize plants grew faster than that of pipe irrigation,with the advance of growth the gap of expanded leaf became larger for two irrigation mode,so the total leaf number for Micro-irrigation mode was one leaf more than pipe irrigation,and plant height and ear height were high in 13.6,14.8 cm respectively compared with pipe irrigation.For Micro-irrigation mode,tasseling and silking date were 1-2 days in advance,so grain filling period of wheat was extended.Because of many times of fertilization and irrigation for Micro-irrigation mode,the stem strength and lodging index were increased also.Thus Micro-irrigation mode is better than irrigation mode.

Key words: Summer maize, Micro-irrigation, Pipe irrigation, Yield

中图分类号:

S152.7

吕丽华, 贾秀领, 姚海坡, 张经廷, 张丽华, 梁双波. 不同灌水模式对夏玉米产量和植株性状的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(S1): 153-159. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.S1.027.

LÜ Lihua, JIA Xiuling, YAO Haipo, ZHANG Jingting, ZHANG Lihua, LIANG Shuangbo. Effects of Different Irrigation Modes on Yield and Plant Characters of Summer Maize[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2017, 32(S1): 153-159. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.S1.027.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2017/V32/IS1/153

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