摘要： 探讨不同熟期玉米品种茎秆特性及机收指标的差异，为黑龙江省哈尔滨市选择熟期适宜的玉米品种提供参考。以不同熟期玉米品种先玉335、鑫鑫2号（晚熟品种）和绥玉23、吉单27（中晚熟品种）为材料，于哈尔滨（第一积温带）展开试验，对其茎秆特性及机收指标进行研究。结果表明，中晚熟品种株高较低，茎节较低，收获时茎秆机械强度更小，茎秆含水量、籽粒含水量均低于晚熟品种，植株整体成熟度更高，籽粒机收质量更好，更适宜机械化收获。相关分析表明，茎秆性状和茎秆、籽粒含水量都会显著影响籽粒机收质量。灰色关联度分析表明，收获时茎秆第3节压碎强度、第7节穿刺强度及茎秆、籽粒含水量与籽粒机收质量关联度最强，影响最大。为保证玉米正常成熟，降低籽粒含水量，提高机收质量，中晚熟品种更适宜在哈尔滨地区种植。

关键词: 熟期, 玉米, 茎秆, 籽粒机收质量

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to illustrate the difference of stalk characteristics and grain mechanically harvesting qualities of different maturing-type spring maize,aimed to provide a valuable reference for selection of maturity in Heilongjiang Province.Experiments were conducted in Harbin,Xianyu 335 and Xinxin 2(late maturity varieties),Suiyu 23 and Jidan 27(mid-late maturity varieties) were used as experiment materials,which differing in maturities,stalk characteristics and grain mechanically harvesting qualities were analyzed.The results showed that compared with late maturity varieties,mid-late maturity varieties were more mature,plant height was lower,internode was thicker,stalk mechanical strength was smaller at harvest.What's more,stalk water content and grain water content of mid-late maturity varieties were lower than those of late maturity varieties.And grain mechanically harvesting qualities of mid-late maturity varieties were better,and more suitable for mechanized harvesting.Correlation analysis indicated that stalk characteristics,stalk and grain water content was significantly correlated with grain mechanically harvesting qualities.Gray correlation analysis indicated that crushing strengths of third internode of stalk,puncturing strengths of seventh internode of stalk and stalk,grain water content at harvest had the closest relationship with grain mechanically harvesting qualities.In order to ensure the maturity of maize,reduce the grain water content,improve grain mechanically harvesting qualities,mid-late maturity is suitable for planting at Harbin.

Key words: Maturity, Maize, Stalk, Grain mechanically harvesting qualities

中图分类号: 

• S513.01