摘要： 为了解出苗水灌水量对玉米的田间效应，设置4种不同的灌水水平，对郑单958于播种后进行喷灌处理，研究土壤、玉米生长发育对不同灌水量的反应。结果表明：增加灌水量后土壤含水量增加，处理间自20~30 cm土层的含水量差异较大，高灌水量处理的深层含水量增加明显。低灌水量条件下，玉米的出苗速度下降，叶片发育进程减缓，叶面积、干物重降低，株高、穗位及整齐度下降，抽雄吐丝时间延迟，产量降低，但由于灌水量较少，玉米深层根系长度增加，增加了对深层土壤水分的吸收，且缩短了玉米抽雄吐丝持续时间。在高灌水量条件下，玉米产量增加明显，但灌水效率降低，灌水45 m²下的玉米产量与灌水20~30 m²无明显差异，同时由于较多的灌水量降低了地温，也在一定程度上限制了玉米的出苗速度，因此，在本年度降雨水平下，增加灌水量可明显改善玉米的生长发育状况，出苗灌水量30 m³可提高玉米的出苗势，并在增加产量的同时保证玉米的灌水效率最佳。

关键词: 玉米, 灌水量, 产量

Abstract: In order to know the field effect of irrigation amount of emergency water on the summer corn,four irrigation levels with spray irrigation were set up,which was carried out on ZD958 after sowing to study the response of the soil,corn growth and development to irrigation. The result showed that soil moisture added with the increased irrigation amount,difference of the soil water content emerged at the beginning of the soil layer of 20-30 cm and obviously increased water content appeared in the deeper soil layer. Less irrigation water made the germination rate of maize,leaf development process,leaf area,dry matter weight,plant height,ear height and its uniformity decline,accompanied with delayed tasseling and silking time and reduced production,but at the same time,deep root length of the corn increased,which contributed to absorption for the deeper soil moisture,and another,the duration of tasseling and silking shortened. Under high irrigation water conditions,corn production increased significantly,but irrigation efficiency decreased,less difference of grain production was generally achieved with irrigation amount of 45 m² and 20-30 m²,furthermore more,more irrigation led to low ground temperature that limited the seedling rate of maize to a certain extent. Therefore,at the level of rainfall type of this year,more irrigation amount can significantly improve maize growth and development,emergence potential can be raised at irrigation amount 30 m³,and that not only add yield but also keep better irrigation efficiency.

Key words: Corn, Irrigation amount, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S513.03