摘要： 试验在自然降雨条件下,在15°坡地设置作物与牧草径流试验小区,以裸地为对照,在每次降雨之后用全深剖面采样器取样,测量其径流量和土壤侵蚀量,定期测定玉米和草地雀麦的生物学特性,研究玉米与草地雀麦生物学特性变化及其坡地水土流失防治效果的差异,探索植物种植对坡地水土流失的主要影响因素,结果表明:种植玉米与草地雀麦,对坡地水土流失均有一定防治作用,但是,与玉米相比,草地雀麦的叶面积指数和覆盖度可在雨季前达到较高水平,有利于早期坡地水土流失防治。同时,草地雀麦0~10 cm土层根系发达,地下生物量是玉米的2.88倍,可以显著提高自然降水的土壤入渗率,减少地表径流,使坡地年径流量与土壤侵蚀模数减少98.2%和99.9%,保水、固土能力是玉米种植的5.2倍和1.5倍,水土流失防治效果显著。

关键词: 玉米, 草地雀麦, 水土流失

Abstract: The effect of Zea mays and Bromusriparius on soil and water loss were studied,the experiment was con-ducted to plant crop and grass in runoff-plots on the 15 degree slope naturally, the bare slop is CK, then the runoff andsoil erosion amount and the biological characteristicsof corn and meadow bromes termly were measured,and difference ofsoil and water loss prevention effect on the slop land were determined. The results showed that soil and water loss becameless after both corn and meadow brome planting. And the leaf area and the coverage of meadow brome higher than corn,which was benefit for less soil and water loss at the rain season early. Meanwhile, roots of corn and meadow brome mainlydistributed in 0 - 10 cm soil layer, and the root biomass of meadow brome was 2. 88 times than that of corn. The rootbiomass improved the soil infiltration rate and reduced runoff,the runoff and erosion amount of meadow brome decreasedby 98. 2% and 99. 9% respectively,and the ability of water retention and soil-reinforcement of meadow brome was 5. 2and 1. 5 times than that of corn.

Key words: Corn, Meadow brome, Soil and water loss

中图分类号: 

• S157.1