摘要： 由8个亲本组成的双列杂交试验，分析了穗长、穗粗、穗行数、百粒重、单株籽粒产量的基因效应。Wr/Vr和D、H、（H/D）^1/2分析表明，除单株产量存在显着的上位性，不符合加性-显性模型外，其余4个性状均符合加性-显性模型。穗粗、穗行数以加性效应为主，穗长、百粒重、单株产量显性效应和上位性起主要作用；穗粗隐性基因为增效，显性基因为减效，其余性状均为显性基因增效，隐性基因减效；穗长、穗粗、穗行数的狭义遗传力较高为50.8%～87.9%,百粒重、单株产量较低为21%左右；平均杂种优势效应按强弱顺序是单株产量>百粒重>穗长>穗粗>穗行数。

关键词: 玉米, 穗部性状, 基因效应

Abstract: The gene effects of ear length,ear thickness,kernel rows per ear,hundred-grain-weight(H. G. W.)and grain weight per plant were analyzed in a set of diallel crosses which involved 8 parents. The result of Wr/Vr and D. H.(H/D)^1/2 analysis showed that all the characters were in accordance with the "additivedominance" model except grain weight per plant, which possessed remarkable epistasis. Additive gene effects were more important for both ear thickness and kernel rows per ear, however,the heredity of ear length,H. U. W. and grain weight per plant was dominated by dominant effects and epistasis. For ear thickness,recessive gene is positive,and dominant gene is negative. For all the other characters,dominant gene is positive,and recessive gene is negative. The narrow-sense heritability of ear length,ear thickness and kernel rows per ear was 50.8-87.9%, which was higher than that of H. G. W. and grain weight per plant (about 21%).The sequence of the average heterotic effects was grain weight per plant>H. G. W.>ear length>ear thickness}kernel rows per ear.

Key words: Corn, Ear characters, Gene effect

中图分类号: 

• S513.03