摘要： 1976—1986年试验结果,明确了稀植成龄苹果树冠光照分布及其与产量、质量的关系,为树形改造提供了理论依据,并认为"双层延迟开心形"是改造苹果稀植树冠的较好树形.提出了大、中型果的合理留果指标,并把一个小枝组作为疏花疏果的单位,使操作者易于掌握.明确亩产2500—3000公斤的丰产园所要达到的施肥水平和土壤肥力水平.为节约劳力、减少伤根和促进根系生长,提出以一面轮替沟施取代生产上普遍采用的环状沟施基肥的方法.还根据树势提出了相应的修剪措施.

关键词: 苹果, 修剪, 疏果, 施肥, 树形

Abstract: On the basis of experiments carried out in 1976-1986, the relationship between the light distribution in canopy of thin planting adult apple trees and their yield and quality was found out and as a theoretical basis can be used to improve tree form. It is proposed that double layer delaied open-centred form is a better one to improve the canopy of thin planting apple trees. A proper index of leaving fruit for big and medial size was put forward, a small group of shoot was used as a thinning unit in order to make operators master easy. It is clear that the high yield orchard producing 2.5-3.0 thousand kg per mn requires the level of manurial application and fertility of soil. The circular trench manuring which used widely in production was replaced by one side-alternated trench manuring. Labour forces were saved and injury of roots was reduced and the growth of root system was promoted by using this method. The measure for pruning was developed according to the vigour of apple tree in the paper.

Key words: Apple, Pruning, Thinning, Application of fertilizer, Tree form