摘要： 长富2号和短枝富士两种红富士苹果成年树茎尖离体培养中,增殖和生根两个不同阶段所要求的最适温度和光照强度不同.日温29℃、夜温20℃比试验的其它温度更利于不定芽的分化和生长,而生根最适温度为日温25℃、夜温18℃,低于芽分化和生长所需的最适温度.1500—2500勒克司、每日照光10小时,芽分化与生长最好;1500勒克司连续光照,虽然有利于芽的分化,但节间过短、茎变紫、不能形成有效苗.光抑制茎产生根.在600—2500勒克司范围内,光越强,抑制生根作用越强.暗培养虽然生根率最高(90%),但苗细弱.可以先进行暗培养,诱导生根之后再转到光下培养,达到壮苗、提高移栽成活率的目的.1500勒克司连续光照诱导生根率高于相同强度的间断光照,但根短粗、不伸长,根尖和茎变紫,节间短.将这种苗移到间断光照下继续培养,十几天后,苗可恢复正常.

关键词: 苹果, 茎尖离体培养, 温度, 光照

Abstract: In the in vitro culture of the shoot tips from adult tree of two kinds of the Red Fujiyama apple, Changfu No. 2 and the Short- branch Fujiyama, the optimum temperature and light intensity for multiplication and rooting are different.As compared with other tested temperatures, 29℃ day temp, and 20℃ night temp. are more favorable for the adventitious bud differentiation and growth. The optimum rooting temperature is 25℃ day temp. and 18℃ night temp, but the optimum temperature for differentiation and growth of shoots is lower than themWhen the light intensity is 1500-2500 lux and the photoperiod is 10 hrsof light, the differentiatiation and growth of the shoots are the the best. Although a continuous illumination of 1500 lux is beneficial to differentiation and growth of the shoots. but the internodes are too short, the stem become purple and the effective shoots can ' t be formed.Light inhibits the rooting of shoots.The inhibitory degree is proportional to lightintensity from 600-2500 lux. Although the rooting rate is highest(90%) in darkculture the shoots are thin and weak. So the dark culture induced rooting is order to strengthen shoots and improve the survial rate in transplantation.The rooting rate with continuous illumination is higher than with discontinuous illumination of the same light intensity, but the roots are short and thin, root tips and stem b ecome purple, internodes are short. The shoots can recover to normal after 10 day if they are transferred to discontinuous light culture.

Key words: Apple, shoot tip in vitro culture, Temperature, Light intensity