基于叶绿体片段序列的苹果属植物遗传多样性

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191224

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从叶绿体基因水平上研究中国原产苹果属植物的遗传多样性以及不同种在不同区域范围的单倍型的系统进化关系，为其起源演化、保护和利用提供依据。基于叶绿体基因间区trnH-psbA、trnS-trnG spacer+intron、trnT-5'trnL和5'trnL-trnF，对来源于12个省区的722份苹果属植物种质进行序列分析，4个区域合并之后片段长度为4 120 bp，共有579个多态性变异位点和100个单倍型，核苷酸多样性（Pi）和单倍型多样性（Hd）分别为0.009 52和0.879，两者最高的区域为trnH-psbA（Hd=0.808，Pi=0.034 09）。Tajima's D检验中，4个cpDNA区域合并后的Tajima's D值为-1.503 16，在P>0.10检测水平上不显著，遵循中性模型。AMOVA分析表明，遗传变异主要存在于种群间和种内居群内。单倍型分布及网络结构分析结果表明，邻接网络中心位置的缺失单倍型闭合成环，苹果属不同种具有不同的演化路线，各个种间以及同种种质在不同地域起源演化过程中具有错综复杂的关系，相对古老的单倍型H_6和H_15经历种群扩张，衍生支系较多。苹果属植物叶绿体基因的遗传多样性水平较高，其遗传变异主要发生在种群间和各种居群内，其遗传进化以种群内突变或者随机漂变为主，种内差异和地理隔离造成的各种居群内差异是苹果属植物遗传变异的主要因素。

关键词: 苹果属, 叶绿体基因, 居群, 遗传多样性, 遗传变异

Abstract: This study aims to explore the genetic diversity of Malus at the level of chloroplast gene and the phylogenetic relationship of haplotypes of different species in different regions, so as to provide a basis for its origin and evolution process, protection and utilization. Based on chloroplast intergenic regions trnH-psbA, trnS-trnG spacer+intron, trnT-5'trnL and 5'trnL-trnF, the sequences of 722 accessions of Malus from twelve provinces were analyzed. After four regions merged, the length of four merge regions of chloroplast DNA was 4 120 bp, and the haplotypes of chloroplast DNA fragments were 100, the nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of the merged regions were 0.009 52 and 0.879 respectively. The region with highest nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity was trnH-psbA (Hd=0.808,Pi=0.034 09). Tajima's test showed that the value of four regions merged was -1.503 16, and it was not significant at the P>0.10 level and followed the neutral theory of molecular evolution. AMOVA showed that genetic variation mainly existed among populations and within intraspecific populations.The results of haplotype distribution and network analysis showed that the missing haplotypes in the center of adjacent networks are closed into a ring, and different species of Malus have different evolutionary routes. There were complex relationships among species and germplasms of same species in the process of origin and evolution in different regions. Relatively old haplotypes H_6 and H_15 experienced population expansion, and there were many derived branches. The genetic diversity of Malus at chloroplast gene level was high, and the genetic variation mainly occurs among populations and within intraspecific populations. The genetic evolution of chloroplast genes was dominated by mutation or random drift within populations. The main factors of genetic variation of Malus were intraspecific differences and intrapopulation differences caused by geographical isolation.

Key words: Malus Mill., Chloroplast DNA, Population, Genetic diversity, Genetic variation

中图分类号:

S661.03

高源, 王大江, 王昆, 李连文, 朴继成. 基于叶绿体片段序列的苹果属植物遗传多样性[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(6): 42-51. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191224.

GAO Yuan, WANG Dajiang, WANG Kun, LI Lianwen, PIAO Jicheng. Genetic Diversity of Malus Mill. Based on the Sequences of Chloroplast Fragments[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(6): 42-51. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191224.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I6/42

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