Genome-wide Identification of the UGT Gene Family in Forsythia suspensa and Its Expression Analysis in Different Regions

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196417

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the formation molecular mechanism of the geoherbalism of Shanxi Forsythia suspensa,a genome-wide identification and characterization of UGT gene family members was performed using bioinformatics methods based on the genome data of F.suspensa.Transcriptome data of F.suspensa from different producing areas and Real-time PCR were used to analyze the expression patterns of UGTs gene in F.suspensa from different habitats and different tissues.The results showed that a total of 170 family members were identified in the whole genome of F.suspensa,and the family members were unevenly distributed on 14 chromosomes,named as FsUGT1—FsUGT170.The molecular weight of 11.16—56.77 ku and isoelectric point of 4.70—9.18,most of which are hydrophilic proteins.Subcellular localization predictions indicated that FsUGT proteins were predominantly localized in the chloroplast and cytoplasm.Phylogenetic analysis classified the F.suspensa UGT gene family into 15 distinct subgroups.Synteny analysis identified 31 collinear gene pairs involving 23 FsUGTs and 20 UGTs from Arabidopsis thaliana.Analysis of gene structure,conserved protein motifs,and conserved domains revealed that the FsUGT genes possess 1 to 7 exons and 0 to 6 introns,and all encoded proteins contain the characteristic PSPG conserved domain.Promoter cis-acting element analysis demonstrated the presence of multiple regulatory elements associated with light responsiveness,phytohormone signaling,biotic and abiotic stress responses,and growth and development within the promoter regions of FsUGT genes.Gene expression profiling showed that the transcript levels of FsUGT4 and FsUGT145 were significantly higher in F.suspensa samples from Shanxi compared to those from Henan and Shaanxi,and their expression in leaves was significantly higher than in flowers and fruits.In conclusion,this study identified 170 members of the UGT gene family in F.suspensa and highlighted two genes,FsUGT4 and FsUGT145,which exhibit elevated expression in Shanxi accessions and are potentially implicated in forsythin biosynthesis.

Key words: Forsythia suspensa, UGT gene family, Genome wide identification, Bioinformatics analysis, Expression analysis

CLC Number:

R282.71

WANG Ning, CHEN Xue, YAO Chaojie, DU Chenhui, YANG Wanfang, LI Yong, WANG Hongwei, ZHANG Yu. Genome-wide Identification of the UGT Gene Family in Forsythia suspensa and Its Expression Analysis in Different Regions[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(4): 75-86. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196417.

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Figures/Tables 16

Tab.1 Sequences of primers used in qRT-PCR

基因名称 Gene name	正向引物(5'—3') Forward primer (5'—3')	反向引物(5'—3') Reverse primer (5'—3')
FsUGT4	CTCCGATGCTGAATTGCACG	ATGGCGCAAGAATTTCGTCG
FsUGT145	TCATGTCGCCTTCCTCCCTA	CCAGGGACATCCGACTTACG
UKN1	CAGACCAGCTTTGAGGAGTATC	GGCCAGAAACCAGTAGTCAATA

Fig.1 Chromosome location of UGT gene family in F.suspensa

Fig.2 The conserved motif and gene structures of the UGT gene family

Tab.2 Physical and chemical properties of UGT family in Forsythia suspensa

项目 Item	氨基酸数目/个 Amino acid number	分子质量/ku Molecular weight	等电点 pI	不稳定系数 Instability index	平均亲水性 Average hydrophilicity	脂溶指数 Aliphatic index
分布范围 Range of distribution	100~509	11.16~56.77	4.70~9.18	22.81~67.82	-0.517~0.458	65.55~106.00
平均值 Mean value	420	47.07	5.89	42.25	-0.143	89.98

Fig.3 Prediction of subcellular localization distribution of UGT gene family from Forsythia suspensa

Tab.3 Secondary structure ratio of Forsythia suspensa UGT protein %

项目 Item	α-螺旋 α-helix	延伸链 Extended strand	β-折叠 β-sheet	无规则卷曲 Random coil
分布范围 Range of distribution	19.00~51.22	10.88~26.00	3.45~13.00	26.02~43.77
平均值 Mean value	41.58	14.68	5.56	38.19

Fig.4 Tertiary structure of Forsythia suspensa UGT protein

Fig.5 Phylogenetic analysis of the UGT gene family between A.thaliana and F.suspensa

Fig.6 Collinearity analysis of UGT gene in A.thaliana and F.suspensa

Fig.7 The collinearity of the UGT gene family in F.suspensa

Tab.4 Evolutionary selection pressure analysis of F.suspensa UGT

基因1 Gene 1	基因2 Gene 2	非同义替换率 Ka	同义替换率 Ks	进化选择压力 Ka/Ks
FsUGT1	FsUGT131	0.121 2	0.724 4	0.167 3
FsUGT8	FsUGT163	0.183 9	1.541 4	0.119 3
FsUGT9	FsUGT170	0.326 6	3.118 1	0.104 7
FsUGT10	FsUGT75	0.204 0	1.455 0	0.140 2
FsUGT53	FsUGT117	0.157 8	1.264 4	0.124 8
FsUGT55	FsUGT126	0.129 9	2.265 8	0.057 3
FsUGT57	FsUGT124	0.149 6	0.732 7	0.204 2
FsUGT61	FsUGT148	0.270 3	1.269 5	0.212 9
FsUGT143	FsUGT157	0.087 2	1.348 9	0.064 6

Fig.8 Analysis of promoter cis-acting elements of FsUGT genes in F.suspensa

Fig.9 Transcript analysis of UGT gene family in different origins of F.suspensa

Fig.10 Phylogenetic analysis of FsUGTs and known functional O-glycosyltransferase genes

Fig.11 Expression analysis of FsUGT4 and FsUGT145 in F.suspensa from different geographical origins Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences among different treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.12.

Fig.12 Expression levels of FsUGT4 and FsUGT145 genes from Forsythia suspensa in different tissues

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