Effects of Straw Combined with Bacterial Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Stoichiometry and Safflower Yield

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195530

Abstract

Abstract:

Taking the safflower variety Yuhonghua No.1 as the research object,it adopted the planting method of two harvests of safflower and corn per year was adopted,and six fertilization treatments were set up:blank(T1),straw returning to the field(T2),straw+Bacillus subtilis bacterial fertilizer(T3(125 kg/ha),T4(250 kg/ha)),straw+Bacillus mucilaginosus bacterial fertilizer(T5(125 kg/ha),T6(250 kg/ha)).The influence of straw combined with bacterial fertilizer on the yield of safflower and soil nutrient availability was analyzed.The results showed that the continuous application of straw combined with bacterial fertilizer in 2023 and 2024 had a significant impact on the soil stoichiometric characteristics and yield.In terms of soil stoichiometric characteristics,the T5 treatment was the best for increasing total soil nitrogen(TN),the T3 treatment was the best for increasing total soil phosphorus(TP)and total soil potassium(TK),and the T4 treatment was the best for increasing soil organic matter(SOM).There were significant differences in soil N∶P,K∶P,and N∶K between two years,but the increase and decrease patterns were basically the same.The limiting factors for each treatment were all N and P elements.In terms of output,the T4 treatment was the best for increasing the filament yield,increasing by 62.53% and 52.99% respectively in two years.The T4 and T5 treatments had remarkable increasing effects on the output of seed yield.The output of T4 increased by 7.51% and 8.81% respectively in the two years,while that of T5 increased by 8.28% and 8.59%.There was an extremely significant positive correlation between soil TN,N∶P,N∶K,filament and seed yield,and there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between soil TN,SOM and filaments yield.Overall,among the two consecutive years of straw combined with microbial fertilizer application,the T3 treatment had the best effect in improving soil nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matter.The soils of each treatment were all limited by N and P elements.The T4 treatment had the most significant effect in increasing the comprehensive yield of filament and seed.

Key words: Safflower, Bacterial fertilizer, Returning straw to the field, Stoichiometric characteristics, Yield

CLC Number:

S567.2

ZHENG Dongfang, ZHAO Wen, MENG Xue, LIU Fengming, CHEN Xinwei, LIU Weixing. Effects of Straw Combined with Bacterial Fertilizer on Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Stoichiometry and Safflower Yield[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(5): 153-160. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195530.

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Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Monthly average temperature and precipitation during the growing season of safflower

Tab.1 Fertilizer application design in safflower experimental field

编号 Number	处理 Treatment	有机肥用量/(t/hm²) Usage amount of organic fertilizer	枯草芽孢杆菌菌肥用量/(kg/hm²) Usage amount of Bacillus subtilis bacterial fertilizer	胶质芽孢杆菌菌肥用量/(kg/hm²) Usage amount of Bacillus mucilaginosus bacterial fertilizer
T1	空白	12.5	0	0
T2	秸秆	12.5	0	0
T3	秸秆+枯草芽孢杆菌菌肥	12.5	125	0
T4	秸秆+枯草芽孢杆菌菌肥	12.5	250	0
T5	秸秆+胶质芽孢杆菌菌肥	12.5	0	125
T6	秸秆+胶质芽孢杆菌菌肥	12.5	0	250

Fig.2 Effect of straw combined with bacterial fertilizer on soil nitrogen, phosphorus,potassium and organic matter content Different lowercase letters represent that the difference between different treatments is significant(P<0.05)in the same year.The same as Fig.3,4.

Fig.3 Effects of straw combined with bacterial fertilizer on soil stoichiometric characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium

Fig.4 Effects of straw combined with bacterial fertilizer on the yield of filament and seed

Fig.5 Correlation between soil organic matter,nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium stoichiometric characteristics and safflower filament and seed yield HS.Filament yield;HZ.Seed yield.*and** indicate significant associations at 0.05 and 0.01 levels,respectively.

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