Identification and Candidate Gene Mining of Stem Lodging Resistance in Brassica napus

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194874

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to promote the cultivation of lodging resistant varieties of Brassica napus and explore the genetic resources of lodging resistance in the stem of Brassica napus,this study used four lodging resistant and three easily lodging resistant germplasm as materials,and measured the content of five components,including cellulose,hemicellulose,total pectin,protopectin,and lignin,in the lower stem during the flowering period.Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the lower stem of YLS0084(lodging resistant)and YLS1691(easily lodging prone).The results showed that the average content of cellulose and total pectin in the anti toppling material,significantly higher than materials prone to lodging;transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 7 397 differentially expressed genes with upregulation and 9 438 downregulation,which were enriched in pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism,translation,amino acid metabolism,and signal transduction;nine genes related to lodging resistance in rapeseed(BnaA01G0071800ZS,BnaA01G0175700ZS,BnaA01G0205800ZS,BnaA03G0404800ZS,BnaA03G0517200ZS,BnaA05G0431400ZS,BnaA07G0056300ZS,BnaA09G0031300ZS,and BnaC05G0128400ZS)were validated through qRT-PCR,and were significantly upregulated in YLS0084.The results of this study demonstrates that the content of cellulose and total pectin in the stem of Brassica napus has a positive effect on lodging resistance and provides important genetic resources for lodging resistance in Brassica napus.

Key words: Brassica napus, Stem lodging resistance, Cellulose, Pectin, Transcriptome analysis

WU Xincheng, HE Risheng, XIAO Shuoding, ZHANG Zhenqian, YANG Liu, LIU Zhongsong, CHEN Hao. Identification and Candidate Gene Mining of Stem Lodging Resistance in Brassica napus[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(4): 54-63. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194874.

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URL: http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/10.7668/hbnxb.20194874

http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/Y2024/V39/I4/54

Figures/Tables 9

Tab.1 Primers used in qRT-PCR

基因名称 Gene	引物序列(5'—3') Primer sequence (5'—3')
BnaA01G0071800ZS	F:CATCGCCACGTACTTTCGAC
	R:CCCGACACGACCCAGTTTC
BnaA01G0175700ZS	F:CCGTGATTTACCGCCGGA
	R:CTAGCCATTCACTCGCTCCT
BnaA01G0205800ZS	F:GAGCGGGATGGATTTGCCTC
	R:GAGAAGCTCGTCACCAACGG
BnaA03G0404800ZS	F:TCAATCAACCTTCACGTTCGAGAA
	R:CACGGCGGAGAAGACAGAGAA
BnaA03G0517200ZS	F:TGGAAGGATGTGTTTGGGCTA
	R:GCTGCGCCCATTTCACTCTG
BnaA05G0431400ZS	F:CATAAGGTTGCGGCGAAGGA
	R:CTGTTTCTTAACAGTCCCTTCC
BnaA07G0056300ZS	F:CGTGGTGTGTGGCTAATGGT
	R:GTAACAGCTACCTCCGGCAC
BnaA09G0031300ZS	F:TCCTCTGGAGTAAACGCAGC
	R:TCACAAGACCTCCTTGCGTC
BnaC05G0128400ZS	F:ATGGATTTGAGGCGGTGCTT
	R:GCACCTGCAATGCTATCCTC

Tab.2 Phenotypic characteristics of bending resistance, total lodging angle, and stem diameter of experimental materials

材料名称 Material name	抗折力/N Bending resistance	总倒伏角/° Total lodging angle	茎秆直径/mm Stem diameter	倒伏程度 Degree of lodging
YLS0084	107.90±10.12b	7.20±1.12b	15.95±1.36b	抗倒
YLS0239	87.64±7.36c	12.32±3.34a	15.16±3.88b	抗倒
YLS1207	100.53±9.66b	2.90±0.57c	22.70±3.51a	抗倒
YLS0227	—	—	—	倒伏
YLS1450	75.71±5.17d	—	13.79±4.12c	倒伏
YLS1691	—	—	—	倒伏
ZS11	171.49±14.51a	12.93±3.24a	22.93±3.68a	抗倒

Tab.3 The component content of each material

材料 Materials	纤维素/(mg/g) Cellulose	半纤维素/(mg/g) Hemicellulose	总果胶/(μmol/g) Pectin	原果胶/(μmol/g) Protopectin	木质素/(mg/g) Lignin
YLS0084	11.05±0.45c	78.35±4.85b	11.40±1.21b	59.97±2.44a	151.89±0.03c
YLS0239	14.16±0.38b	67.67±4.08b	9.86±0.66c	55.84±7.13a	59.50±5.64e
YLS1207	11.61±0.41c	91.84±6.10a	11.52±1.11b	32.64±1.72c	201.20±8.18b
ZS11	20.37±0.29a	69.33±0.99b	12.73±2.08a	44.12±3.88b	17.82±1.78f
YLS0227	4.97±0.34d	47.03±4.45c	9.29±1.17c	46.53±4.27ab	124.65±4.16d
YLS1450	6.89±0.47d	88.19±2.99a	8.40±1.45d	55.01±4.36a	227.35±5.20a
YLS1691	1.77±0.43e	73.67±4.57b	8.63±0.44cd	26.49±2.69d	145.62±3.79c
抗倒材料Lodging-resistant materials	14.30±3.72A	76.80±10.56A	11.38±1.70A	49.57±10.49A	97.63±74.21B
倒伏材料Lodging materials	4.55±2.15B	69.63±17.52A	8.77±1.16B	42.20±13.16A	158.19±41.18A

Fig.1 GO annotation of differentially expressed genes in YLS0084 and YLS1691 1.Response to stimulus;2.Detoxification;3.Single-organism process;4.Metabolic process;5.Multi-organism process;6.Developmental process;7.Growth;8.Immune system process;9.Rhythmic process;10.Multicellular organismal process;11.Locomotion;12.Biological adhesion;13.Reproduction;14.Reproductive process;15.Localization;16.Signaling;17.Positive regulation of biological process;18.Negative regulation of biological process;19.Cellular process;20.Cellular component organization or biogenesis;21.Regulation of biological process;22.Biological regulation;23.Cell killing;24.Antioxidant activity;25.Transporter activity;26.Nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity;27.Catalytic activity;28.Electron carrier activity;29.Nutrient reservoir activity;30.Metallochaperone activity;31.Molecular transducer activity;32.Signal transducer activity;33.Protein tag;34.Binding;35.Structural molecule activity;36.Translation regulator activity;37.Molecular function regulator;38.Transcription factor activity,protein binding;39.Cell;40.Cell part;41.Organelle;42.Cell unction;43.Symplast;44.Organelle part;45.Extracellular region;46.Supramolecular fiber;47.Nucleoid;48.Other organism;49.Other organism part;50.Extracellular matrix;51.Synapse;52.Membrane-enclosed lumen;53.Synapse part;54.Extracellular matrix component;55.Membrane;56.Membrane part;57.Extracellular region part;58.Macromolecular complex.

Fig.2 GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in YLS0084 and YLS1691 A.Top 20 enriched entries in cell components(1.GO:0009536 Plastid;2.GO:0009507 Chloroplast;3.GO:0044434 Chloroplast part;4.GO:0044435 Plastid part;5.GO:0005618 Cell wall;6.GO:0030312 External encapsulating structure;7.GO:0071944 Cell periphery;8.GO:0009570 Chloroplast stroma;.GO:0009532 Plastid stroma;10.GO:0005623 Cell;11.GO:0044464 Cell part;12.GO:0009526 Plastid envelope;13.GO:0043231 Intracellular membrane-bounded organelle;14.GO:0044444 Cytoplasmie part;15.GO:0043227 Membrane-bounded organelle;16.GO:0009941 Chloroplast envelope;17.GO:0048046 Apoplast;18.GO:0009505 Plant-type cell wall;19.GO:0005737 Cytoplasm;20.GO:0005773 Vacuole);B.Top 20 enriched entries in molecular functions(21.GO:0016491 Oxidoreduetase activity;22.GO:0046906 Tetrapyrrole binding;23.GO:0004497 Monooxygenase activity;24.GO:0020037 Heme binding;25.GO:0016705 Oxidoreductase activity,acting on paired donors,with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen;26.GO:0015291 Secondary active transmembrane transporter activity;27.GO:0005506 Iron ion binding;28.GO:0016758 Transferase activity,transferring hexosyl groups;29.GO:0008509 Anion transmembrane transporter activity;30.GO:0033293 Monocarboxylie acid binding;31.GO:0047746 Chlorophyllase activity;32.GO:0016840 Carbon-nitrogen lyase activity;33.GO:0004601 Peroxidase activity;34.GO:0008194 UDP-glycosyltransferase activity;35.GO:0030515 SnoRNA binding;36.GO:0022857 Transmembrane transporter activity;37.GO:0016209 Antioxidant activity;38.GO:0016684 Oxidoreductase activity,acting on peroxide as acceptor;39.GO:0004364 Glutathione transferase activity;40.GO:0005215 Transporter activity);C.Top 20 enriched entries in biological processes(41.GO:0009628 Response to abiotic stimulus;42.GO:0001101 Response to acid chemical;43.GO:1901700 Response to oxygen-containing compound;44.GO:0080167 Response to karrikin;45.GO:0009415 Response to water;46.GO:0006082 Organic acid metabolic process;47.GO:0009414 Response to water deprivation;48.GO:0043436 Oxoacid metabolic process;49.GO:0044281 Small molecule metabolic process;50.GO:0010035 Response to inorganic substance;51.GO:0006979 Response to oxidative stress;52.GO:0042221 Response to chemical;53.GO:0044711 Single-organism biosynthetic process;54.GO:0009611 Response to wounding;55.GO:0044710 Single-organism metabolic process;56.GO:0019752 Carboxylic acid metabolic process;57.GO:0044283 Small molecule biosynthetic process;58.GO:0009636 Response to toxic substance;59.GO:0009753 Response to jasmonic acid;60.GO:0009416 Response to light stimulus).

Fig.3 Enrichment analysis of upregulated differentially expressed gene KEGG metabolic pathway in YLS0084 and YLS1691

Fig.4 Heat map of differentially expressed genes A.Differentially expressed genes related to cellulose synthesis pathway;B.Differentially expressed genes related to pectin synthesis pathway.

Tab.4 Candidate genes for lodging resistance traits in rapeseed

ZS11基因号	拟南芥基因号	拟南芥基因名	基因功能描述
ZS11 gene ID	AtGI	At name	Gene function description
BnaA01G0071800ZS	AT4G30170	PER45	过氧化物酶家族蛋白
BnaA01G0175700ZS	AT4G28250	EXPB3	假定的β-膨胀蛋白/过敏原蛋白
BnaA01G0205800ZS	AT3G51740	IMK2	编码在花序分生组织中表达的亮氨酸重复序列受体激酶
BnaA03G0404800ZS	AT5G60920	COBL	编码一种主要定位于根细胞纵向侧质膜的糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定蛋白
BnaA03G0517200ZS	AT5G48070	XTH20	假定的木葡聚糖内转糖基化酶/水解酶
BnaA05G0431400ZS	AT3G11700	FLA18	类Fascilin阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白18前体
BnaA07G0056300ZS	AT2G05790	—	O-糖基水解酶家族17蛋白
BnaA09G0031300ZS	AT4G03210	XTH9	编码木葡聚糖内转葡糖基酶/水解酶(XTHs)的一个成员
BnaC05G0128400ZS	AT1G15410	—	天冬氨酸谷氨酸外消旋酶家族

Fig.5 Differences in the expression levels of candidate genes for lodging resistance traits between YLS0084 and YLS1691 A.Gene transcript number;B.Relative expression level.

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