Genetic Diversity of Malus Mill. Based on the Sequences of Chloroplast Fragments

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191224

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to explore the genetic diversity of Malus at the level of chloroplast gene and the phylogenetic relationship of haplotypes of different species in different regions, so as to provide a basis for its origin and evolution process, protection and utilization. Based on chloroplast intergenic regions trnH-psbA, trnS-trnG spacer+intron, trnT-5'trnL and 5'trnL-trnF, the sequences of 722 accessions of Malus from twelve provinces were analyzed. After four regions merged, the length of four merge regions of chloroplast DNA was 4 120 bp, and the haplotypes of chloroplast DNA fragments were 100, the nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of the merged regions were 0.009 52 and 0.879 respectively. The region with highest nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity was trnH-psbA (Hd=0.808,Pi=0.034 09). Tajima's test showed that the value of four regions merged was -1.503 16, and it was not significant at the P>0.10 level and followed the neutral theory of molecular evolution. AMOVA showed that genetic variation mainly existed among populations and within intraspecific populations.The results of haplotype distribution and network analysis showed that the missing haplotypes in the center of adjacent networks are closed into a ring, and different species of Malus have different evolutionary routes. There were complex relationships among species and germplasms of same species in the process of origin and evolution in different regions. Relatively old haplotypes H_6 and H_15 experienced population expansion, and there were many derived branches. The genetic diversity of Malus at chloroplast gene level was high, and the genetic variation mainly occurs among populations and within intraspecific populations. The genetic evolution of chloroplast genes was dominated by mutation or random drift within populations. The main factors of genetic variation of Malus were intraspecific differences and intrapopulation differences caused by geographical isolation.

Key words: Malus Mill., Chloroplast DNA, Population, Genetic diversity, Genetic variation

CLC Number:

S661.03

GAO Yuan, WANG Dajiang, WANG Kun, LI Lianwen, PIAO Jicheng. Genetic Diversity of Malus Mill. Based on the Sequences of Chloroplast Fragments[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(6): 42-51. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191224.

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