Analysis on Protein and Starch Composition and Structure of Foxtail Millet and Wheat

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190775

Abstract

Abstract: For study the differences of structure and characters of protein and starch between wheat and foxtail millet, and find new ways to improve the quality of wheat, the total protein, glutenin and gliadin of wheat and foxtail millet were extracted by total protein extraction method, the extraction of high and low molecular weight glutenin method, and alcohol soluble protein extraction methodrespectively,and the protein bands were identified by SDS-PAGE(total protein and glutenin) and A-PAGE(glidain). The differences of structure of protein and starch between wheat and foxtail millet were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the grain of foxtail millet almost not contained glutenin, and contained some alcohol-soluble protein with polymorphisms.The grain of wheat contained A, B, C three kinds of starch, while the grain of foxtail millet was found two kinds of starch only.And the starch of foxtail millet is polygonal and smaller than that of wheat. Above all, the structure, shape and composition of starch and protein of foxtail millet and wheat were quite different.It may provide a new way to improve the quality of foxtail millet by modifying starch and protein synthesis genes like wheat.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Wheat, Protein, Starch, Analysis of structural differences

CLC Number:

S512
S515

LIU Dan, ZHAO Zilong, LIANG Dan, CAO Tingting, LI Sumin, WANG Conglei, SHI Xiaowei, YANG Xiaoran, ZHANG Ming, ZHU Ming, WANG Jianhe, FENG Gang, LI Suying. Analysis on Protein and Starch Composition and Structure of Foxtail Millet and Wheat[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(2): 72-78. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190775.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/10.7668/hbnxb.20190775

http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/Y2020/V35/I2/72

References

[1] 寸镇洋.云南小麦栽培历史初步考证[J]. 云南农业科技,1988(1):40.
Cun Z Y. Preliminary research on the history of wheat cultivation in Yunnan[J]. Yunnan Agricultural Science and Technology, 1988(1):40.
[2] 李春艳, 张润琪, 付凯勇, 李超, 朱长安,李诚.小麦淀粉合成关键酶基因和相关蛋白表达对不同施磷量的响应[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2018,38(4):401-409. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.04.04.
Li C Y, Zhang R Q, Fu K Y, Li C, Zhu C A, Li C. Effect of phosphorus on the gene and protein expression related to starch biosynthesis in wheat[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2018,38(4):401-409.
[3] 李春燕, 张雯霞, 张玉雪, 姚梦浩, 丁锦峰, 朱新开, 郭文善, 封超年.小麦籽粒淀粉与面粉的理化特性差异[J]. 作物学报, 2018,44(7):1077-1085. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01077.
Li C Y, Zhang W X, Zhang Y X, Yao M H, Ding J F, Zhu X K, Guo W S, Feng C N.Differences in physicochemical properties between flour and starch of wheat grain[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018,44(7):1077-1085.
[4] 王岸娜, 陈丛丛, 吴立根.小麦面筋蛋白研究进展[J]. 粮油食品科技, 2017,25(5):19-23. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7561.2017.05.005.
Wang A N, Chen C C, Wu L G. Research progress of wheat gluten protein[J]. Science and Technology of Cereals, Oils and Foods, 2017,25(5):19-23.
[5] Ballicora M A, Dubay J R, Devillers C H, Preiss J. Resurrecting the ancestral enzymatic role of a modulatory subunit[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2005,280(11):10189-10195. doi:10.1074/jbc.M413540200.
[6] 李文阳,尹燕枰,时侠清,闫素辉,王振林.小麦籽粒A、B型淀粉粒淀粉构成与糊化特性的比较[J].华北农学报,2011,26(1):136-139. doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2011.01.028.
Li W Y, Yin Y P, Shi X Q, Yan S H, Wang Z L. Comparison of starch composition and pasting properties between A and B type starch granule in wheat grain[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2011,26(1):136-139.
[7] 李文阳,闫素辉,尹燕枰,李勇,梁太波,耿庆辉,戴忠民,王振林.小麦花后弱光引起籽粒淀粉的粒度分布及组分含量的变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):298-306. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2009.01.036.
Li W Y, Yan S H, Yin Y P, Li Y, Liang T B, Geng Q H, Dai Z M, Wang Z L.Starch granule size distribution and starch component content in wheat grain in relation to shading after anthesis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009,29(1):298-306.
[8] 银永安,齐军仓,李卫华,曹连莆,王自布.小麦胚乳A、B型淀粉粒理化特性研究[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(11):2372-2379. doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.11.022.
Yin Y A, Qi J C, Li W H, Cao L P, Wang Z B.Physico-chemical characteristics of A, B type starch granule in wheat endosperm[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010,43(11):2372-2379.
[9] Kalinova J, Moudry J.Content and quality of protein in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) varieties[J]. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2006,61(1):43. doi:10.1007/s11130-006-0013-9.
[10] 刘敬阳, 董遵, 王有庆, 马辉, 朱惠琴.青海高原地区春小麦籽粒蛋白质组份动态变化研究[J]. 麦类作物学报, 1997,17(6):33-37. doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.1997.06.134.
Liu J Y, Dong Z, Wang Y Q, Ma H, Zhu H Q. Study on the dynamic changes of protein components in spring wheat grains in Qinghai plateau area[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 1997,17(6):33-37.
[11] Ao Z H, Jane J L. Characterization and modeling of the A-and B-granule starches of wheat, triticale, and barley[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2007,67(1):46-55. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.04.013.
[12] Bechtel D B, Zayas I, Kaleikau L,Pomeranz Y. Size-distribution of wheat starch granules during endosperm development[J]. Cereal Chemistry, 1990,67(1):59-63. doi:10.1016/0144-8617(90)90093-8.
[13] Dai Z M.Comparison of starch granule development in hard and soft winter wheat[J]. Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2010, 8(2):772-774.
[14] Henkrar F, Elhaddoury J, Iraqi D, Bendaou N, Udupa S M. Allelic variation at high-molecular weight and low-molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in Moroccan bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars[J]. Biotech, 2017,7(5):287. doi:10.1007/s13205-017-0908-1.
[15] Pang B S, Zhang X Y.Isolation and molecular characterization of high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes 1Bx13 and 1By16 from hexaploid wheat[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2010, 50(3):329-337. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00573.
x.
[16] Yan Y M, Jiang Y, An X L, Pei Y H, Li X J, Zhang Y Z, Wang A L, He Z H, Xia X C,Bekes F. Cloning, expression and functional analysis of HMW glutenin subunit 1By8 gene from Italy pasta wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum)[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 2009,50(3):398-406. doi:10.1016/j.jcs.2009.08.004.
[17] Xu T, Zhang X Y, Dong Y S.Expression analysis of HMW-GS 1Bx14 and 1By15 in wheat varieties and transgenic research of 1By15 gene[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2006,5(10):725-735. doi:10.1016/S1671-2927(06)60117-X.
[18] 张晓科,魏益民,王新中,李小军,魏凌基,刘斌,高云村,李毅.高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因 Dx5 的PCR检测[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(1):34-38,48. doi:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2003.01.006.
Zhang X K, Wei Y M,Wang X Z, Li X J, Wei L J, Liu B, Gao Y C, Li Y.PCR-detection of high molecular weight glutenin subunit Dx5 gene in wheat[J]. Journal of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition), 2003,31(1):34-38,48.
[19] D'Ovidio R, Simeone M, Masci S, Porceddu E. Molecular characterization of a LMW-GS gene located on chromosome 1B and the development of primers specific for the Glu-B3 complex locus in durum wheat[J]. Theoretical & Applied Genetics, 1997,95(7):1119-1126. doi:10.1007/s001220050671.
[20] Long H, Wei Y M, Yan Z H, Baum B, Nevo E, Zheng Y L. Classification of wheat low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes and its chromosome assignment by developing LMW-GS group-specific primers[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2005,111(7):1251. doi:10.1007/s00122-005-0024-1.
[21] Luo Z, Chen F G, Feng D S, Xia G M. LMW-GS genes in Agropyron elongatum and their potential value in wheat breeding[J]. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2005,111(2):272-280. doi:10.1007/s00122-005-2021-9.
[22] Matsuo H, Morimoto K, Akaki T, Kaneko S, Kusatake K, Kuroda T, Niihara H, Hide M, Morita E. Exercise and aspirin increase levels of circulating gliadin peptides in patients with wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis[J]. Clinical & Experimental Allergy Journal of the British Society for Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2010,35(4):461-466. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02213.
x.
[23] Fido R J, Békés F, Gras P W, Tatham A S. Effects of α-, β-, γ-and ω-Gliadins on the dough mixing properties of wheat flour[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 1997,26(3):271-277. doi:10.1006/jcrs.1997.0138.
[24] Tatham A S, Shewry P R. The conformation of wheat gluten proteins. The secondary structures and thermal stabilities of α-, β-, γ-and ω-Gliadins[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 1985,3(2):103-113. doi:10.1016/S0733-5210(85)80021-7.
[25] Wu X J, Li W X, Hu S L.Accumulation pattern of gliadin fractions α, β, γ, ω and regulation of nitrogen[J]. Agricultural Sciences China, 2005,4(10):741-746.
[26] Kuroiwa T. The replication, differentiation, and inheritance of plastids with emphasis on the concept of organelle nuclei[J]. International Review of Cytology, 1991, 128(6):1-62. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(08)60496-9.
[27] 王秀娟, 郭世华, 郝云凤, 白民瑜, 岳淑芳, 廉搏,侯国峰.中国部分冬、春小麦品种(系)1BL/1RS易位系的A-PAGE检测[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2007, 27(3):451-455. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1041.2007.03.019.
Wang X J, Guo S H, Hao Y F, Bai M Y, Qiu S F, Lian B, Hou G F. Detection of 1BL/1RS translocation line in partial spring and winter wheat varieties (Lines) in China by A-PAGE[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2007,27(3):451-455.
[28] Tilley K A, Lookhart G, Hoseney R C, Mawhinney T P. Evidence for glycosylation of the high molecular weight glutenin subunits 2, 7, 8, and 12 from chinese spring and TAM 105 wheats[J]. Cereal Chemistry, 1993, 70:602-606.
[29] 宋建民, 吴祥云, 刘建军, 刘爱峰, 赵振东.小麦籽粒特性与品质关系研究进展[J]. 山东农业科学, 2002(2):47-51. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4942.2002.02.019.
Song J M, Wu X Y, Liu J J, Liu A F, Zhao Z D. Advance in research of relationship between seed characteristics and quality[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2002(2):47-51.
[30] 古世禄,刘厦.中国谷子蛋白质氨基酸组成的研究[J]. 华北农学报,1989,4(1):8-15. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.1989.01.002.
Gu S L, Liu X. Study on protein content and amino acid composition of Chinese foxtail millet[J]. Acta Agriculture Boreali-Sinica, 1989, 4(1):8-15.
[31] 姬中伟, 戴甜甜, 毛健.小米谷蛋白及醇溶蛋白结构特征[J]. 食品与机械,2018,34(6):1-4. doi:10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2018.06.001.
Ji Z W, Dai T T, Mao J.Structural characteristics of millet glutenin and gliadin[J]. Food & Machinery, 2018, 34(6):1-4.
[32] Lii C Y, Lee B L. Heating A-, B-, and C-type starches in aqueous sodium chloride:effects of sodium chloride concentration and moisture content on differential scanning calorimetry thermograms[J]. Cereal Chemistry, 1993, 70(2):188-192.

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export