Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Pattern and Planting Density on Yield and Diseases of Summer Corn in Southwest China

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751125

Abstract

Abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management pattern and planting density on the yield formation, stalk rot and ear and kernel rot of summer corn in field condition of Southwest China. Two levels of nitrogen fertilizer management pattern were arranged, i.e. conventional nitrogen fertilization(CNP) and nitrogen fertilizer reduction plus deep application in holes between plants and rows(RDNP). And three levels of planting density were designed:commonly used rare-planting(D1, 52 500 plants/ha), densification Ⅰ(D2, 67 500 plants/ha) and densification Ⅱ(D3, 82 500 plants/ha). The yield and its composition, dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic performance and other factors that affected the mechanical harvest quality such as the incidence and severity of maize stalk rot, ear and kernel rot were analyzed. The results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer management pattern had no significant effect on the yield, but the nitrogen partial productivity was 33.7% higher in RDNP than in CNP. RDNP restrained the declining extent of net photosynthetic rate(Pn), leaf SPAD value and leaf area index during the grain-filling stage, which made up for the insufficience of grain numbers per ear formed before flowering, and stabilized the dry-matter accumulation and yield. The RDNP significantly reduced the incidence and severity of maize stalk rot by 4.8 percentage points and 26.8%, respectively, but had little effect on the incidence of ear and kernel rots compared to CNP. The grain yields of D2 and D3 were greater than that of D1, but the sustaining yield increase rate of D3 was significantly lower than that of D2. The incidence and severity of stalk rot and ear and kernel rot were relatively high in D3 than in D2 and D1, while there was no significant difference between D2 and D1. The combination of RDNP and D2 was able to increase the maize yield, improve nitrogen partial productivity, and control the occurrence of maize stalk rot and ear and kernel rot effectively, so as to reduce the risk of lodging and stem breaking. The results could provide the theoretical basis for increasing the production and facilitating the mechanized harvest of summer corn in Southwest China.

Key words: Maize, Reduced and deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer, Planting density, Maize stalk rot, Ear and kernel rot

CLC Number:

S513

LEI En, GENG Yongke, CHEN Lufa, YANG Yongbing, WANG Yuedong, TANG Qiyuan. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Pattern and Planting Density on Yield and Diseases of Summer Corn in Southwest China[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(3): 164-172. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751125.

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