Abstract: To cover the problem of water conservation and yield increase, but reduce the nitrogen content of grain, this study mainly covered with full-mulch, half-mulch, and non-mulch (control) after deep falling in fallow, and before sowing applied phosphate fertilizer(P₂O₅)75(low phosphorus, LP), 135(medium phosphorus, MP), 180 kg/ha (high phosphorus, HP) were tested in sub-regions in the Southern part of Shanxi Province. This paper aimed for dryland wheat in the region to provide cultivation and cultivation techniques that increase production and quality simultaneously. The results showed that the soil water storage capacity increased significantly during summer sowing time, reaching 27.47 -43.09 mm, and the water storage efficiency in the recreational period increased significantly, reaching 7.51% -11.79%, and the full-mulch was significantly higher than that of the half-mulch. The application of phosphate fertilizer was beneficial to increase the soil moisture before flowering and reduce the soil moisture at the flowering stage. The full-mulch of 135 kg/ha fertilizer was the largest; The summer coverage yield and water use efficiency increased by 27% -51% and 18% -29%, respectively, and full-mulch yield was higher than half-mulch; under full mulch, 135 kg/ha P fertilizer could promote grain starch yield and protein yield at the early filling stage in the early and middle stage of grain filling; summer cover combined application of 135 kg/ha P fertilizer at mature stage starch content, yield and protein yield of grain increased, but the grain protein content decreased, and the full mulch was higher than that of half-mulch, the grain protein content was opposite. In addition, under the condition of combined application of P fertilizer under summer coverage in dryland, the grain yield was positively correlated with the soil moisture at the sowing date, returning greening stage and jointing stage, positively correlated with the starch content, and negatively correlated with the protein content; the soil water content during flowering starch content was negatively correlated and negatively correlated with the protein content. Grain yield, starch and protein yield regression equation regression curve fitting function was a linear function, the highest point was full-mulch with 135 kg/ha treatment. It could be seen that the cover after deep fall in the leisure period could significantly improve the pre-planting tillage. The combination of phosphate fertilizer was beneficial to the increase of soil moisture during the returning green stage and the jointing stage, the decrease of soil moisture during the flowering stage, and the promotion of the early growth and development of the vegetative organ and the yield of carbon and nitrogen in the early filling stage. Ultimately, the goal of simultaneous improvement in production and quality was achieved. The use of 135 kg/ha P fertilizer in full-mulch and deep turning in Southern dryland wheat in Shanxi Province is a farming technique that achieves simultaneous increase in yield and quality.

Key words: Dryland wheat, Summer mulch, Phosphate fertilizer regulation, Soil moisture, Starch, Protein, Quality

CLC Number: 

• S512.01

• S143.2