Abstract: The inheritance of protein content in Setaria italica (L. Beav) is controledby the quantity charactor, but not by cytogene. If the parent with high protein content is crossed with the parent with low protein content, the protein content distribution of F1S, F2S, B1S, B2S is Consecutive and, tends to the latter. There are positive additive effect, additive? additive effect and negative additive ? dominance effect in the gene effect of protein content. It accordswith the modle of double-gene interaction. The broad heritabilities of the pro-tein content in the two crosses are 53.8% and 62.9% respectively, and the ne-rrow heritabilities are 28.2% and 47.2% respectively.

Key words: Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica Beauv), Protein, Gene effect, Heritability