摘要：

通过在穴播和移栽2种栽培方式下,对安徽省近年来主栽的8个粳(糯)稻品种的农艺性状、倒伏性、品质以及产量主要构成因素进行分析,以期明晰在穴播等轻简化种植条件下的产量主要限制因子,为筛选和培育适宜轻简化种植的水稻新品种提供参考。采用大田小区试验,设穴播和移栽2种栽培方式,分别调查田间出苗率;测定各品种倒伏指数;成熟期各取5株,考察每份材料株高、单株有效穗数、穗长、穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量、产量;收获稻谷样品后按部标测定出糙率、精米率、整精米率、长宽比、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度及碱消值。品种在实验室条件下具有较好的发芽率,但穴播条件下出苗率明显降低,其中皖垦糯1号、当粳8号和嘉花1号田间出苗率较高;各品种在穴播条件下的倒伏指数均比移栽条件下小,其中嘉花1号、绿香粳28在穴播条件下抗倒伏能力最强;穴播方式下结实率和千粒质量高于移栽方式,而单株产量、穗实粒数、单株有效穗数及穗长低于移栽方式;穴播方式下单株产量与每穗实粒数呈显著正相关,移栽方式下单株产量与每穗实粒数和结实率呈显著正相关;穴直播方式下的稻米直链淀粉含量低于移栽方式,胶稠度及碱消值高于移栽方式。穴播出苗率显著低于实验室发芽率;水稻穴播方式下相较传统育苗移栽方式,抗倒伏能力有所增强,但多数品种在2种方式下的抗倒伏能力无显著差异;水稻穴直播方式下单株产量低于移栽方式,最主要限制因素是穗实粒数及单株有效穗数;直播稻在直链淀粉、胶稠度及碱消值这三大理化指标上都要优于移栽稻,能取得更好的口感。

关键词: 水稻, 穴播, 移栽, 抗倒性, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

Agronomic characters,lodging,quality and yield of eight japonica(glutinous)rice varieties mainly planted in Anhui Province in recent years were analyzed under the two cultivation methods of cave sowing and transplanting,so as to clarify the main limiting factors of yield under the light and simplified planting conditions such as cave sowing,and provide reference for screening and breeding new rice varieties suitable for light and simplified planting.Field plot experiment was used. Field plot experiment was used, two cultivation methods were set up, namely hole sowing and transplanting, to investigate the seedling emergence rate in the field; lodging index for different varieties; to take five plants at the maturity stage, to investigate the plant height, the effective number of spikes per plant, the length of spike, the number of grains in the spike, the fruiting rate, the quality of 1 000 grains, and the yield of each material; and to determine the roughness, the rate of polished rice, the rate of whole polished rice, the length-to-width ratio, the content of straight-chain amylopectin, and gelatinized rice consistency according to the ministry standard after harvesting the paddy grain samples.The germination rate of the varieties was better under laboratory conditions,but the seedling emergence rate decreased significantly under cave sowing conditions.Wankennuo No.1,Dangjing No.8 and Jiahua No.1 had higher seedling emergence rates in field.Lodging index of all varieties under cave-sowing condition was lower than that under transplanting condition,among which Jiahua 1 and Lüxiangjing 28 had the strongest lodging resistance under cave-sowing condition.The seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight under hill-point sowing were higher than those under transplanting,but the yield per plant,grain number per panicle,effective panicle number per plant and panicle length were lower than those under transplanting.There was a significant positive correlation between yield per plant and number of solid grains per panicle under the cave-planting method,and a significant positive correlation between yield per plant and number of solid grains per panicle and seed setting rate under the transplanting method.The amylose content of rice under the acupoint direct seeding method was lower than that under the transplanting method,and the glue consistency and alkali loss value were higher than that under the transplanting method.The germination rate of cave sowing was significantly lower than that of laboratory sowing.Compared with the traditional seedling transplanting method,the lodging resistance of rice varieties under the cave-planting method was enhanced,but there was no significant difference in the lodging resistance of most varieties under the two methods.The yield per plant under the hole direct seeding method was lower than that under the transplanting method,and the main limiting factors were the number of grains per panicle and effective panicle per plant.The direct planting rice had better taste than transplanting rice in amylose,gum consistency and alkali loss.

Key words: Rice, Burrow sowing, Transplanting, Lodging resistance, Yield, Quality