摘要：

为揭示河北板栗果品优质特性形成的土壤因子,以河北板栗主产区8个县区的54个果园为对象,对其土壤中9种矿质元素进行含量测定,通过主成分分析等方法进行不同土壤的差异比较。结果表明:8个主产区栗园土壤中Mg、Na含量无显著差异,而N、P、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu 7种元素含量均有显著差异,各地栗园土壤中N含量普遍处于3级以下水平,P含量普遍处于3级以上水平,而K含量普遍较低,均处于5级以下水平;土壤中Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Na这6种金属元素含量之间均呈显著相关性,其与P元素也均呈显著相关,与N含量相关性普遍较弱;主成分分析表明,前3个主成分反映了总信息量的73.521%,第1主成分贡献率占44.678%,对它作用较大的元素包括Ca(0.871)、Cu(0.840)、Fe(0.809)、Mg(0.806),表明对主成分贡献较大的为金属元素含量;基于不同栗园土壤矿质元素含量,利用主成分表达式对板栗园的土壤状况进行综合评分,得分最高为迁西县(0.591 8),河北板栗主产区土壤质量水平排序为迁西县>青龙县>兴隆县>宽城县>沙河市>遵化市>信都区>抚宁区。综上,可用金属元素Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu含量计算综合得分来评价板栗园土壤质量水平,在栗园土壤管理过程中,宜选用高K低P复合肥,并采用多种金属元素混施肥作为补充措施来提高板栗园的土壤质量水平。

关键词: 板栗, 土壤, 矿质元素, 差异

Abstract:

To reveal the soil factors that formed the quality characteristics of Hebei chestnut,54 typical chestnut orchards from 8 counties in Hebei Province were selected as the objects,and the contents of 9 mineral elements in the soil were studied by using significance,correlation and principal component analysis.The results showed that there were no significant differences in contents of Mg and Na,but there were significant differences in N,P,K,Ca,Fe,Mn and Cu contents in the soil of chestnut plantations in the main chest nut production areas.The N content in the soil of chestnut orchards was generally below the level of 3,and the P content was generally above the level of 3.The K content was generally at a low level,which was below the level of 5.The correlation of the contents of metal elements such as Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu and Na were significantly correlated with each other in soil.They were also significantly correlated with P element,and the correlation with N content was generally weak.Principal component analysis showed that mineral elements in the first 3 principal components reflect the total information content 73.521%.The contribution rate of the first principal component accounted for 44.678%,and the elements which included Ca(0.871),Cu(0.840),Fe(0.809)and Mg(0.806)were the main factors.It showed that the metal trace element content contributes more to the principal component.The comprehensive score was based on the mineral elements content of different chestnut orchards,which decided the order of high and low.The highest score was in Qianxi County(0.591 8).The ranking of the soil quality in the main chest nut production areas was:Qianxi>Qinglong>Xinglong>Kuancheng>Shahe>Zunhua>Xindu>Funing.To sum up,it is confirmed that the comprehensive scores of metal elements contents such as Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu can be used to evaluate the soil quality by using principal component analysis.It was advisable to select high K and low P compound fertilizer,and it was recommended to apply multiple elements mixed fertilization as a supplementary measure to improve the soil quality level of chestnut orchards.

Key words: Chestnut, Soil, Mineral elements, Differences