长期施用粪肥对3种地带性土壤水分散性磷含量及形态分布的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193743

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究长期施用粪肥对3种地带性土壤中水分散性磷含量及形态分布的影响,为磷素流失风险评价提供参考。于2021年5—8月,按五点采样法分别采集北京大兴(潮土)、湖南岳阳(红壤)和广东湛江(砖红壤)3种农田的表层(0~20 cm)土壤,对土壤中水分散性磷的含量、形态分布及矿物含量等特征进行研究。与不施粪肥的处理相比,长期施用粪肥的大兴、岳阳和湛江3种地带性土壤中水分散性磷含量分别显著增加1.15,1.32,14.00倍。长期施用粪肥使不同形态水分散性磷在土壤总水分散性磷中的分布比例发生显著变化,其中大兴和岳阳土壤中颗粒态磷占比分别显著降低30.22,14.68百分点,而真溶态磷占比分别显著增加29.83,28.06百分点;岳阳土壤中胶体态磷占比显著降低13.37百分点;湛江土壤中真溶态磷占比显著增加8.24百分点。长期施用粪肥显著改变土壤水分散性矿物含量,与不施粪肥处理相比,大兴、岳阳和湛江土壤中水分散性钙含量分别显著增加0.55,1.66,4.15倍;水分散性镁含量分别显著增加0.66,1.46,8.39倍。冗余分析结果表明:土壤pH值、CEC、DOC以及水分散性矿物组成(Fe/Al/Ca/Mg)是影响土壤中水分散性磷含量及形态分布的主要因子。长期施用粪肥显著提升了3种地带性土壤中水分散性磷含量并影响其形态转化,加剧了磷素流失风险。长期施用粪肥可促进岳阳和湛江土壤中颗粒态磷和胶体态磷以及大兴土壤中颗粒态磷向真溶态磷转化。长期施用粪肥主要通过促进颗粒态磷向真溶态磷转化进而影响土壤水分散性磷形态。

关键词: 粪肥, 水分散性磷, 地带性土壤, 流失风险

Abstract:

The effects of long-term manure application on water-dispersible phosphorus (P)content and morphological distribution in three zonal soils were explored to provide references for understanding the risk assessment of P loss. The soil samples were collected from the farmland in Daxing Beijing(Fluvo-aquic soils),Yueyang Hunan(Red earths)and Zhanjiang Guangdong(Humid-thermo ferralitic)from May 2021 to August 2021,the sample was a composite mix of five individual surface soil cores (0—20 cm). The characteristics of water-dispersible P,morphological distribution,and minerals contents were studied. Compared with the treatment without manure application,the water-dispersible P content of the three zonal soils in Daxing,Yueyang and Zhanjiang was significantly increased by 1.15,1.32,14.00 times,respectively. Long-term application of manure significantly changed the distribution ratio of different forms of water-dispersible P in the total soil water-dispersible P,and the proportion of particulate P in Daxing and Yueyang soils decreased significantly by 30.22 and 14.68 percentage points,respectively,while the proportion of dissolved P significantly increased by 29.83 and 28.06 percentage points,respectively. The proportion of colloidal P in Yueyang soil significantly decreased by 13.37 percentage,and the proportion of dissolved P in Zhanjiang soil with long-term manure application significantly increased by 8.24 percentage points,compared with the soils without manure application. Long-term manure application remarkablely changed the content of soil water-dispersible minerals. Compared to the control group without manure application, the content of water-dispersible calcium in Daxing, Yueyang, and Zhanjiang soils increased significantly by 0.55, 1.66, and 4.15 times, respectively. The water-dispersible magnesium content also significantly increased by 0.66, 1.46, and 8.39 times in these soils. Additionally, the water-dispersible aluminum content in Daxing soil increased by 9.09%, while it decreased significantly by 19.90% and 77.27% in Yueyang and Zhanjiang soils, respectively.The results of redundancy analysis showed that soil pH,cation exchange capacity (CEC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC),and water-dispersible mineral composition (Fe/Al/Ca/Mg)were the main predictors affecting soil water-dispersible P content and morphological distribution. Long-term manure application significantly increased the water-dispersible P content of the three zonal soils and affected the P transformation,which aggravated the risk of P loss. Long-term manure application favored the particulate P and colloidal P of Yueyang and Zhanjiang soils and the particulate P of Daxing soil transformed to the dissolved P. Therefore,long-term manure application mainly affects the water dispersible P forms by changing the transformation between particulate P and dissolved P.

Key words: Manure, Water-dispersible phosphorus, Zonal soil, Loss risk

王子豪, 丁帅, 陈硕, 张帅, 敖俊华, 文炯, 哈雪姣, 陈清. 长期施用粪肥对3种地带性土壤水分散性磷含量及形态分布的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(S1): 321-330. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193743.

WANG Zihao, DING Shuai, CHEN Shuo, ZHANG Shuai, AO Junhua, WEN Jiong, HA Xuejiao, CHEN Qing. Effects of Long-term Application of Manure on Water-dispersible Phosphorus and Morphological Distribution in Three Zonal Soils[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 321-330. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193743.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/IS1/321

图/表 7

表1 试验前3种地带性土壤的施肥管理制度

Tab.1 Fertilization management system of three kinds of zonal soil before the experiment

时间 Sampling time	取样地点 Sampling spot	种植作物 Planting crops	施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	养分投入量/(t/hm²) Nutrient input
时间 Sampling time	取样地点 Sampling spot	种植作物 Planting crops	施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
2021年5—8月	北京大兴	冬春季种茄子,	单施化肥	1.01	0.48	0.97
		秋冬季种茴香	施用粪肥	1.01	0.50	1.01
	湖南岳阳	菠菜和玉米轮作	不施肥	0.00	0.00	0.00
			施用粪肥	0.85	1.07	0.44
	广东湛江	甘蔗或火龙果	单施化肥	0.45	0.41	0.87
			施用粪肥	0.83	0.78	0.82

图1 长期施用粪肥对3种地带性土壤部分理化性质的影响柱上不同小写字母表示同一施肥类型不同地带性土壤差异显著 (P<0.05),不同大写字母表示同一地带性土壤不同施肥类型差异显著(P<0.05)。图2—3同。

Fig.1 Effect of long-term manure application on the partial physicochemical properties of the three zonal soils Different lowercase letters on the column indicate significant differences in different zonal soils of the same fertilization type (P<0.05),and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in different fertilization types of the same zonal soil (P<0.05).The same as Fig.2—3.

图2 长期施用粪肥对3种地带性土壤CaCl₂-P和Olsen-P含量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of long-term application of manure on CaCl₂-P and Olsen-P content in three zonal soils

图3 长期施用粪肥对3种地带性土壤水分散性钼酸盐反应磷总量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of long-term application of manure on water-dispersible MRP content in three zonal soils

图4 长期施用粪肥对土壤中水分散性磷形态组成的影响

Fig.4 Effects of long-term application of manure on the morphological composition of water-dispersible phosphorus in soil

表2 不同处理的土壤中水分散性矿物和可溶性有机碳的含量

Tab.2 The content of water-dispersible minerals and soluble organic carbon in soils with different treatments mg/kg

处理 Treatment	铁 Iron	铝 Aluminum	钙 Calcium	镁 Magnesium	可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon
大兴化肥DX	13.19±0.29Ab	18.93±0.30Ab	179.63±7.26Ba	62.75±5.21Ba	259.47±9.89Ba
大兴粪肥DXF	13.54±0.18Ab	20.65±2.59Ab	279.14±2.87Aa	103.93±1.64Aa	558.47±15.04Aa
岳阳化肥YY	22.84±0.24Aa	39.64±1.71Aa	46.40±1.96Bb	23.25±0.87Bb	155.90±19.64Bb
岳阳粪肥YYF	17.72±0.30Ba	31.75±0.86Ba	123.58±3.87Ac	57.21±0.75Ab	288.14±6.93Ab
湛江化肥ZJ	ND	0.44±0.04Ac	32.56±1.11Bb	2.10±0.03Bc	28.70±0.23Bc
湛江粪肥ZJF	ND	0.10±0.02Bc	167.72±3.54Ab	19.71±0.32Ac	65.73±4.75Ac

图5 皮尔逊相关性分析和冗余分析 ^*.差异显著 (P<0.05);^**.差异极显著 (P<0.01);AP.Olsen-P含量;CaP.CaCl₂-P含量;TP.土壤全磷含量;PP.颗粒态磷含量;DP.真溶态磷含量;CP.胶体态磷含量;WFe、WAl、WCa、WMg分别表示水分散性铁、铝、钙、镁的含量。

Fig.5 Pearson correlation analysis and redundant analysis ^*.A significant difference (P<0.05);^**.A very significant difference (P<0.01);AP.Olsen-P content;CaP.CaCl₂-P content;TP.Soil total phosphorus content;PP.Particle phosphorus content;DP.True soluble phosphorus content;CP.Colloidal phosphorus content;WFe,WAl,WCa and WMg indicate the content of water dispersible iron,water dispersible aluminum,water dispersible calcium,and water dispersible magnesium,respectively.

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