摘要：

为探讨油用向日葵农艺性状与产量之间的关系,选出适合河北气候及种植模式的优质高产油用向日葵新品种,对本单位杂交获得的39个油用向日葵杂交种的14个性状进行了遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析。研究结果表明:不同性状的变异系数为2.50%~32.37%。其中,单盘粒质量变异系数最大,为32.37%,变异幅度为16.77~113.78 g。生育期变异系数最小,为2.50%。产量与百粒质量、单盘粒数、单盘粒质量、籽粒容重、株高呈极显著正相关,与籽粒面积、籽粒周长、籽粒长度呈显著正相关;株高与百粒质量、籽粒面积、籽粒周长、籽粒长度、籽粒宽度、籽粒容重呈极显著正相关,与单盘粒质量呈显著正相关。主成分分析将不同品种农艺性状分成4个主成分,可将其归纳为籽粒性状因子、产量因子、生育期和形态因子、籽粒容重因子,累积贡献率达81.939%。卡方距离为1.05时,39份材料被划分为4个类群,其中第Ⅰ类群包含23份材料,与主成分分析散点图的第Ⅰ类群特点相同,籽粒性状和产量性状优良。综合以上数据分析,在高产油用向日葵选育过程中,从选择潜力来看,应重点考虑单盘粒质量、单盘粒数、盘径、株高、百粒质量等性状对产量的影响。

关键词: 油用向日葵, 杂交种, 育种, 性状, 主成分分析

Abstract:

To explore the relationship between agronomic traits and yield of oil sunflowers and select new high-quality and high-yield oil sunflower varieties suitable for climate and planting mode of Hebei Province,genetic diversity analysis,correlation analysis,systematic cluster analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA)were conducted on 14 traits of 39 oil sunflower hybrids.The research results indicated that the coefficient of variation for different traits ranged from 2.50% to 32.37%.Among them,the coefficient of variation of grain weight per head was the highest,at 32.37%,with a variation range of 16.77—113.78 g.The coefficient of variation during the growth period was the smallest,only 2.50%.The yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with 100-grain weight,grain number per head,grain weight per head,grain volume weight,and plant height,and significantly positively correlated with grain area,grain circumference,and grain length;Plant height was extremely significantly positively correlated with 100-grain weight,grain area,grain circumference,grain length,grain width,and grain volume weight,and significantly positively correlated with grain weight per head.PCA divides the agronomic traits of different varieties into four principal components,which could be summarized as grain trait factors,yield factors,growth period and morphology factors,and grain volume weight factors,with a cumulative contribution rate of 81.939%.At a Chi-square distance of 1.05,39 materials were divided into 4 groups,among which group Ⅰ contained 23 materials with excellent grain and yield traits,and was similar to the characteristics of group Ⅰ in the PCA scatter diagram.Based on the above data analysis,from the perspective of selection potential,the impact of traits such as grain weight per head,grain number per head,head diameter,plant height,and 100-grain weight on yield should be mainly considered.

Key words: Oil sunflower, Hybrids, Breeding, Traits, Principal component analysis