缩行种植对冬小麦群个体性状、养分吸收和产量形成能力的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191057

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为阐明节水栽培下小麦群体内个体水平分布对植株水分、养分吸收及冠层光截获特征的影响，设置不同种植形式（15 cm等行距和7.5 cm缩行）处理，采用常规小麦群个体测试方法测定不同种植形式处理下供试小麦品种的群个体性状，采用养分测定技术测定植株氮磷钾养分吸收积累特性，采用光合参数测定系统测试叶片光合参数，采用常规产量分析技术测定产量性状。结果表明，等密度条件下，与15 cm等行对照相比，缩行处理显著增加了群体总茎数、叶面积指数和单株成穗数，增大了植株各生育时期的群个体干质量；提高了植株的氮、磷和钾吸收能力和累积数量；同时使小麦各重要生育时期的植株上位叶叶绿素含量增加，光合碳同化能力增强；最终使小麦产量性状得到改善。综上，适当缩小小麦行距，能有效改善节水栽培小麦的植株养分吸收特性和植株上位叶光合碳同化能力，增加群体干质量生产数量和单位面积穗数，显著提高小麦的产量形成能力。

关键词: 冬小麦, 缩行形式, 植株性状, 养分积累, 产量性状

Abstract: In order to elucidate the effects of horizontal distribution of individuals in a population on regulation of uptake of water and nutrients of the plants as well as the light interception property of the canopy in wheat cultivated under water-saving condition, two planting patterns including row distance of 15 cm (control) and a narrowed row distance (7.5 cm of row distance) were set up; plant growth traits and those at population level under different planting treatments were measured based on regular approaches for analyzing plant growth traits; nutrient uptake and accumulation properties were assessed by using conventional nutrient assay methods; leaf photosynthetic parameters were determined using the photosynthesis assay system; yield traits of winter wheat cultivated under the water-saving conditions were analyzed based on regular yield determination methods. Under same planting density, the narrowed row treatment significantly increased population tiller amounts, leaf area index, and spike amounts, elevated the dry mass amounts at various growth stages, and enhanced the uptake capacity and accumulative amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Meantime, the plants under narrowed row treatment also displayed the chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic functions of the upper leaves in tested wheat cultivars during various growth stages. These processes led to the enhanced yields compared with control. Together, our investigation indicated that suitably reduced row distance could improve the yield formation capacity of winter wheat cultivated under water-saving conditions, which was largely ascribed to the effects in increasing the nutrient taken up capacity, photosynthetic function efficiency, and the formation of population spike amounts.

Key words: Winter wheat, Narrowed row pattern, Plant growth traits, Nutrient accumulation, Yield traits

中图分类号:

S512.01

龙素霞, 赵颖佳, 李芳芳, 张双, 肖凯. 缩行种植对冬小麦群个体性状、养分吸收和产量形成能力的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(5): 178-184. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191057.

LONG Suxia, ZHAO Yingjia, LI Fangfang, ZHANG Shuang, XIAO Kai. Effects of Narrowed Row Pattern on Population and Individual Traits, Nutrient Acquisition, and Yield in Winter Wheat[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(5): 178-184. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191057.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I5/178

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