种子大小与播种深度对玉米出苗、苗期光合特性与保护酶活性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190319

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明玉米种子大小和播种深度的萌芽出苗与苗期生理效应，为全苗、齐苗和壮苗措施的制定提供理论依据，通过盆栽和大田试验，研究种子大小（大、中、小粒）与播种深度（2，6，10 cm）对玉米萌芽出苗、苗期光合特性与保护酶活性的影响。结果表明：大、中粒种较小粒种出苗率高而整齐；播种深度增加，种子破土、出苗时间延迟，出苗率降低，尤其是小粒种，且播种深度对田间出苗率影响更为显著。大、中粒种与小粒种相比，苗期的叶绿素（叶绿素a、b）含量较高，表观量子效率和（最大）净光合速率更大，SOD、POD和CAT活性更高，MDA含量更低，光合能力和抗旱性更强。播种深度增加，三叶期的叶绿素含量降低，但五、七叶期后的叶绿素含量则增加，说明出苗初期浅播处理生长较好，叶绿素含量较高，之后深播处理则表现出一定优势，至七叶期时叶绿素含量均较大幅度超过浅播处理，且相应的表观量子效率和（最大）净光合速率增大，SOD、POD和CAT活性和MDA含量降低，光合能力和抗旱性增强。因此，川中丘区玉米生产上应选用大中粒种适当深播，促全苗、齐苗和壮苗，增强其苗后期的抗逆性和光合性能。

关键词: 玉米, 种子大小, 播种深度, 出苗率, 光合特性, 保护酶活性

Key words: Maize, Seed size, Sowing depth, Seedling emergence, Photosynthetic characteristics, Protective enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S513.01

刘斌祥, 程秋博, 周芳, 杜伦静, 李小龙, 孔凡磊, 袁继超. 种子大小与播种深度对玉米出苗、苗期光合特性与保护酶活性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(2): 98-106. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190319.

LIU Binxiang, CHENG Qiubo, ZHOU Fang, DU Lunjing, LI Xiaolong, KONG Fanlei, YUAN Jichao. Effects of Seed Size and Sowing Depth on Maize Seedling Emergence and Photosynthesis Characteristics and Protective Enzyme Activities in Seedling Stage[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(2): 98-106. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190319.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I2/98

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