摘要： 为了探究春夏季设施内菜豆对水碳耦合的生理响应，采用盆栽试验，设2个CO₂浓度水平，即（390±20） μmol/mol（C390，对照）和（800±50） μmol/mol（C800），2个灌溉水平，即全生育期灌溉12次（W12）和全生育期灌溉18次（W18），共计4个处理，分别为C390W12、C390W18、C800W12、C800W18，研究CO₂加富及不同灌溉次数对菜豆不同生育期生长发育及光合特性的影响。结果表明，菜豆的株高、茎粗、叶面积及干质量均以C800W18处理最佳；CO₂加富对菜豆伸蔓期和开花期的净光合速率（Pn）及胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）的促进效应极显著，对结荚期Ci影响显著，而对各时期气孔导度（Gs）与蒸腾速率（Tr）影响均不显著，灌溉水平对菜豆伸蔓期Pn，苗期和伸蔓期Ci影响显著，对伸蔓期Gs及结荚期Tr影响显著，水碳互作效应对菜豆伸蔓期的Ci和Gs影响极显著；CO₂加富可以显著提高碳同化关键酶活性，其中在CO₂加富条件下碳酸酐酶（CA）及核酮糖-1，5-二磷酸羧化酶（Rubisco）活性随着灌溉增加而降低，果糖-1，6-二磷酸酶（FBP）活性受灌溉水平影响不显著，景天庚酮糖-1，7-二磷酸酶（SBP）活性在CO₂加富条件下随灌溉增加而提高；CO₂加富显著提高了开花期与结荚期的叶绿素含量，灌溉水平显著提高了菜豆结荚期叶绿素含量。综上，CO₂加富并在全生育期灌溉18次适宜菜豆的生长发育。

关键词: 菜豆, CO₂加富, 灌溉次数, 生长发育, 光合特性

Abstract: To explore bean in spring and summer facility carbon coupled to water physiological response, the experiment was conducted with pot experiment, four treatments (C390W12, C390W18, C800W12, C800W18) were set according to the combination of two CO₂ concentration levels ((390±20) μmol/mol(C390, control); (800±50) μmol/mol(C800)) and two irrigation level (irrigating 12, 18 times in the whole growth period, W12, W18), the effects of CO₂ enrichment and different irrigation times on the growth development and photosynthetic characteristics of kidney bean in different growth stages were studied.The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry mass of kidney bean were optimal under the treatment of C800W18.CO₂ enrichment had very significant effects on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) at extention and flowering stage, the effect of Ci at podding stage was significant, but had no significant effects on stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) at each stage. Irrigation level had very significant effects on Pn at extention stage, Ci at seedling and extention stage had significant effects on Gs at extention stage and Tr at podding stage.The water-carbon interaction had significant effects on Ci and Gs at extention stage. CO₂ enrichment could significantly improve the activity of carbon assimilation key enzymes.The activity of the carbonic anhydrase (CA) and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) decreased with the increase of irrigation under the condition of CO₂ enrichment; the activity of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FBP) was not significantly affected by the irrigation level; and the activity of sedum heptanose-1,7-diphosphatase (SBP) increased with the increase of irrigation under the condition of CO₂ enrichment. The content of chlorophyll in flowering stage and podding stage was significantly increased under the condition of CO₂ enrichment, while the level of irrigation significantly increased the chlorophyll content in podding stage. In summary, CO₂ enrichment and irrigation 18 times during the whole growth period were suitable for the growth and development of kidney beans.

Key words: Kidney beans, CO₂ enrichment, Irrigation times, Growth and development, Photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号: 

• S643.01