摘要： 为探究伊犁河谷滴灌条件下复播大豆高产及减少土壤硝态氮残留的耕作方式，2017年进行了复播大豆农田不同耕作方式对土壤物理性质、硝态氮及大豆产量影响的大田试验。结果表明：各处理土壤容重随土层深度的加深呈现先增后降的趋势，土壤孔隙度呈现出与土壤容重相反的规律，0~20 cm，20~40 cm土层中，NT处理土壤容重均达最大值、孔隙度值均表现为最小，且与其他处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）；各处理各生育时期土壤含水量均随土层深度的加深逐渐增大，表现为TP > S > T > NT；土壤硝态氮含量的变化趋势与土壤容重相同，且各处理各生育时期也表现为S < TP < T < NT；各处理土壤容重、孔隙度、含水量、硝态氮含量均在0~40 cm土壤范围内差异明显。TP处理的产量最高，达3 185.96 kg/hm²，分别较S、T、NT处理的高12.33%，20.04%，26.19%，且较后三者均达到显著差异（P < 0.05），未覆膜处理中，S处理较T、NT处理高6.86%，12.35%，并与NT处理达到显著差异（P < 0.05）。因此，在伊犁河谷地区，翻耕覆膜是大豆高产的最佳耕作方式，深松耕则是保证较高的大豆产量，并能减少土壤硝态氮残留的耕作方式。

关键词: 复播大豆, 耕作方式, 土壤物理性质, 土壤硝态氮, 产量

Abstract: In order to explore the tillage method that increases the re-sown soybean yield and decreases the soil residues of nitrate-nitrogen under drip irrigation in the Ili River Valley, a field experiment was conducted in 2017 to study the effects of different tillage methods on soil physical properties, nitrate nitrogen and re-sown soybean yield. The results showed that the soil bulk density increased with the depth of soil, and the soil porosity showed the opposite trend. In 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers, the soil bulk density of NT treatment reached to the maximum value, and the porosity value were the smallest, the difference being significant(P < 0.05). The soil water content of each treatment period increased with the depth of the soil layer, showing TP > S > T > NT. The change trend of soil nitrate nitrogen content was the same as the soil bulk density, and each treatment period also showed S < TP < T < NT. The soil bulk density, porosity, water content and nitrate nitrogen content of each treatment were significantly different in the soil layer of 0-40 cm. The yield of TP treatment was the highest, reaching to 3 185.96 kg/ha, which was 12.33%, 20.04%, and 26.19% higher than that of S, T and NT treatment, respectively, all reaching to the P < 0.05 significant level. In the treatment without film mulching, S treatment was 6.86% and 12.35%,higher than T and NT treatment, respectively, and had the significant difference with the latter(P < 0.05). Therefore, in the Ili River Valley, tillage and mulching is the best way to cultivate high-yield soybean, and deep ploughing is the way to ensure higher soybean yield and reduce soil nitrate nitrogen residue.

Key words: Re-sown soybean, Tillage method, Soil physical properties, Soil nitrate nitrogen, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S143.1

• S565.1